Page:Vedic Grammar.djvu/95

 III. ACCENT. ACCENTUATION OF NOMINAL STEMS. 85 30. Derivatives formed with -ni accent either the root or the suffix; e. g. yó-ni- m. 'receptacle', but ag-ni- m. 'fire'. 31. The suffix -nu is almost invariably accented; e. g. vag-nú- 'sound'. An exception is vis-nu-¹, N. of god. 32. Derivatives formed with the suffix -ma accent the suffix more than twice as often as the root; e. g. tig-má- 'sharp', ghar-má- 'heat', dhu-má- 'smoke', but i-ma- 'friend', só-ma- 'Soma'. 33. Derivatives formed with -man regularly accent the root in neuter substantives; e. g. kár-man- 'action', ján-man- 'birth', ná-man- 'name'. There are, however, several masculine agent nouns which accent the suffix; e. g. dar-mán- 'breaker'. In several instances the accent varies in the same word according to the gender and meaning; e. g. bráh-man- n. 'prayer', brah-mán- m. 'one who prays'; sád-man- n. 'seat', sad-mán- m. 'sitter'. These stems when compounded with prepositions nearly always accent the latter; e.g. prá-bharman- n. 'presentation'. = 34. The participial suffix -māna is never accented except in the anomalous perfect participle sasṛ-māṇá- (RV¹.) sasr-aná- 'speeding'. The accent of these derivatives is regularly on the same syllable as in the tense- stem to which the suffix is added; e. g. yája-mana- 'sacrificing', icchá-mana- 'desiring', idhyá-mana- 'being kindled', yaksyá-mana- 'about to sacrifice'. 35. Gerundives formed with the suffix -ya invariably accent the root; e. g. háv-ya- 'to be invoked'. 36. The suffix -ra is usually accented; e. g. ak-rá- m. ‘banner', rud-rá-, m. N. of a god, abh-rá- n. 'cloud'. The root is, however, accented in a good many words; e. g. gŕdh-ra- 'greedy', áj-ra- m. 'field', ind-ra-, N. of a god, ág-ra- n. 'point'. 37. Derivatives formed with the suffix -ri accent the root oftener than the suffix; e. g. bhi-ri- ‘abundant', but also sū-ri- m. 'patron'. 38. Derivatives formed with the suffix -va accent the suffix rather oftener than the root; e. g. rk-vá- 'praising', but also fbh-va- 'skilful'. 39. The root is regularly accented in derivatives formed with the suffix -van; e. g. ký-t-van- 'active', pát-van- 'flying', yáj-van- 'sacrificing'. This is the case even when the stem is compounded with a preposition; e. g. vi-mŕg-van- (AV.) 'cleansing'. 40. The suffixes -vana, -vanu, -vani are always accented, the first two on the final,' the last on the initial syllable; e. g. vag-vaná- ‘talkative', vag-vanú- m. '‘noise', bhur-váni- 'restless'. 41. Derivatives formed with the suffix -vara chiefly accent the final syllable when they are masc. nouns, but the root when they are neuter substantives; e. g. i-t-vará- 'going', is-vará- (AV.) ‘able', but kár-vara- n. 'deed', gáh-vara- (AV.) n. thicket'. n. 'thicket'. The suffix appears with instead of in the adjective vid-valá- 'cunning'. 42. The suffix -väms of the perfect participle is always accented, even in the reduced form -us appearing in the weak cases; e. g. cakr-váms- and cakr-ús- ‘having made'. 43. Derivatives formed with the suffix -vi from the simple root accent the radical syllable, but the first syllable of the reduplicated root; thus ghrs-vi- 'lively', but jágr-vi- watchful'. This word may, however, be differently altindischen Sprache, Amsterdam 1898; cp. derived; possibly vi-snu- der in die Weite BLOOMFIELD, AJPh. 17, 427 f., 'crossing the strebende', according to UHLENBECK, Kurz-back (of the world). gefasstes etymologisches Wörterbuch der