Page:Vedic Grammar.djvu/94

 84 I. ALLGEMEINES UND SPRACHE. 4. VEDIC GRAMMAR. 17. Stems formed with the comparative suffix -īyāms invariably accent the root; e. g. jáv-iyams- 'swifter'. When the stem is compounded with a preposition the latter is accented; e. g. práti-cyav-īyāms- ‘pressing closer against'. 18. The suffix -u is usually accented; e. g. ur-ú- ‘wide', pād-ú- m. 'foot'. The radical syllable is, however, not infrequently accented; e.g. ták-u-'speeding', ás-u- m. 'life'. The suffix is regularly accented in adjectives formed from desiderative, causative, and denominative stems; e. g. dips-ú- 'wishing to harm', bhavay-ú- 'cherishing', aghay-ú- ‘malignant'. 19. Substantives formed with the suffix -us regularly accent the root (excepting jan-ús- 'birth'); e. g. dhán-us- 'bow'. But a few adjectives which are never used as substantives accent the suffix; e. g. jay-ús- 'victorious', but táp-us- both 'hot' and 'heat'. 20. The suffix - forming independent feminine substantives is regularly accented; as cam-u- 'dish', vadh-i- 'bride'. 21. When the suffix -ta forms past passive participles it is invariably accented; e. g. ja-tá- 'born', rakṣ-i-tá- 'protected'. But a few ordinary nouns formed with this suffix accent the radical syllable: é-ta- 'variegated'; m.: gár-ta- 'car-seat', már-ta- 'mortal', vá-ta- 'wind', hás-ta- 'hand'; n.: ás-ta- 'home', nák-ta-'night'. 22. Stems formed with the suffix -tar generally accent the root when the meaning is participial, but the suffix when it is purely nominal; e. g. dá-tar- 'giving' (with acc.), but da-tár- "giver'. 23. Stems formed with the suffix -ti accent the root more frequently than the suffix; e. g. is-ți-'offering', kṣi-ti- (AV.) ‘destruction', dhú-ti- m. ‘shaker', but is-ti- 'desire', ksi-tí- 'abode', jñā-ti- m. ‘relative', ră-ti- ‘gift'. Reduplicated derivatives seem to have accented either the first syllable or the suffix; e. g. didhi-ti- 'devotion' and carkr-ti- 'fame'. When these stems are compounded with prepositions, the latter are nearly always accented; e. g. á-hu-ti- 'offering'; the only exceptions are a-sak-ti- 'pursuit', ã-su-ti- 'brew' and 'enlivening', and abhi-s-ti- m. 'helper' beside abhi-s-ti- f. 'help'. 24. Derivatives formed with the suffix -tu, with some half dozen exceptions, accent the root (invariably when they are used as infinitives); e. g. tán-tu- 'thread', but ak-tú- 'ray'. 25. The suffix -tnu is always accented; e. g. ha-tnú- 'deadly', jigha-tnú- 'harming'. 26. Derivatives formed with the suffix -tra generally accent the root; e. g. mán-tra- 'prayer', but ksa-trá- 'dominion'. 27. Gerundives formed with the suffix -tva regularly accent the root; e. g. kár-tva- 'to be made', vák-tva- 'to be said', bháv-i-tva- 'future'. 28. Derivatives formed with the suffix -tha generally accent the latter; e. g. uk-thá- n. 'saying'. Sometimes, however, the root is accented; e. g. ár-tha- 'goal'. When the suffix is added with the connecting vowel -a-, the latter is generally accented; e. g. uc-á-tha- n. 'praise'. 29. The suffix -na when forming past passive participles is invariably accented; e. g. bhin-ná- 'split'. When forming ordinary nouns, whether adjectives or masc. substantives, it is usually accented; e. g. r-ná- 'guilty', ghr-nd- m. 'heat'; but a few masculines accent the root, as kár-na- 'ear', vár-na- 'colour', sváp-na- 'sleep'. Neuters (except su-ná- 'welfare') and feminines (-na) accent the root; e. g. án-na-¹ 'food', tý-na- 'grass', tis-na- 'thirst'. ¹ Originally a past participle of ad- 'eat'.