Page:Vedic Grammar.djvu/89

 III. Accent. Method of marking Accent.

79

'qbaver', vikampita, and the verb pra-kamp-. In the TS. it appears only when the second syllable as well as the first has the Svarita, and the figure 2, as wel'; as I and 3, is here used.

' 2. In the system of the Maitrayani Sarnhita' and of the Kathaka% the Udatta is marked by a vertical stroke above (which seems to indicate that this accent was here pronounced with the highest pitch); e. g. ^frinr = agnina. The two Saiiihitas, however, diverge in their method of indicating the Svarita. The MS. marks the independent Svarita by a curve below the accented syllable, e. g. cflw viryam ; but the dependent Svarita by a horizontal stroke in the middle or three vertical strokes above the accented syllable. The Kathaka, on the other hand, marks the independent Svarita by a curve below (if an unaccented syllable follows), e. g. cfljj gyrfk viryam badhnati; or by a hook below (if an accented syllable follows)^ e. g. g?ij ouratS viryam vyacade; but the dependent Svarita by a dot below the accented syllable^. Both these Samhitas mark the Anudattatara in the ordinary way by a stroke below the syllable. In L. v. Schroeder's editions, however, the Udatta and the independent Svarita only are marked. When the text of any of the Sarnhitas is transliterated in Roman characters, it is the regular practice to omit any indication of the dependent Svarita and of the Anudatta as unnecessary. 3. In the system of the Samaveda, the figures i 2 3 are written above the accented syllables to represent three degrees of pitch. Here I always stands for the highest pitch (Udatta), and 3 always for the lowest (Anudatta), and 2 generally for the middle pitch (Svarita); e. g.

3 12 barhisi = RV. barhisi (barhist). But 2 also represents the Udatta when the latter is not followed by a Svarita (that is when the Udatta syllable is final in the hemistich or when an Anudattatara preceding another accented

32, 323. 23I2_

syllable follows);' e.g. giro. = RV. gira (gird); yajhanaiii hots, visvesam = RV. yajnanam hotq visvesam (yajnanam hots visvesam). If there are two successive Udattas, the second is not marked, but 2 r is written over the

31 2r

following Svarita; e.g. dviso martyasya =RV. dviso martyasya (dviso mdrtyasya). If in such case there is no room for 2 r, the first Udatta has 2 u written over

3 2U 3 I 2

it instead; e. g. esa sya piiaye = RV. esa sya pUaye (esd syd pTtdye). The independent Svarita (as well as the dependent one which follows two successive Udattas) is marked with 2r; and the Anudatta which precedes it, with 3k;

3k 2r

e. g. tanvs. Syllables which follow a Svarita and in which the pitch remains

31 2 312

unchanged, are left unmarked; e. g. dutam vrnimahe hotSram = RV. dutam vrmmahe hotaram {dutdm vrnimahe hStSram) ''.

4. Though the Brahmanas do not come within the scope of this work, the system of accentuation in the Satapatha Brahmana cannot be passed over here, as it must be treated in connexion with the other systems of the Vedic period. It is historically important as forming a transition to the post- Vedic period, when the accent assumed a different character 5. The system of the SB. in various respects differs considerably from the three de- scribed above.

1 See Haug 27—32; L. v. Schroeder, Introduction to his edition I, p. xxix— XXXlV; ZDMG. 33, l86ff.

2 Cp. L. y. ScHROEDER, Introduction to his edition, 2, p. x — XI.

i On some peculiarities of the VS. i marliing the Svarita, see Haug 32 — 35.

4 For further details see Haxjg 35 — 42.

5 Cp. Leumann, KZ. 31, 50 (mid.).