Page:Vedic Grammar.djvu/420

 I. ALLGEMEINES UND SPRACHE. 4. VEDIC GRAMMAR. ß. jív-i-tavái (AV.) ‘to live' (Pp. -ta vái), yám-i-tavái 'to guide', sráv-i-tavái 'to flow'. 410 6. There seems to be only one certain example of a dative infinitive formed from a stem in -tyā: i-tyái 'to go'¹. 7. Some 35 dative infinitives almost limited to the RV." are formed from stems in -dhya added to verbal bases ending in a (generally accented), and seem to have the termination -dhyai: iyá-dhyai 'to go' (Vi-), irá-dhyai ³ 'to seek to win', işá-dhyai and isáya-dhyai 'to refresh', irayá-dhyai 'to set in motion', ksára-dhyai 'to pour out', gáma-dhyai 'to go', grná-dhyai (AA. v. 2. 1¹0) 'to praise', cará-dhyai 'to fare', jará-dhyai 'to sing”, tamsayá-dhyai 'to attract', tará-dhyai to overcome', duhá-dhyai 'to milk', dhiyá-dhyai 'to deposiť' (√ dhā-), nāśayá-dhyai ‘to cause to disappear', piba-dhyai ‘to drink', pṛṇá-dhyai 'to fill', bhára-dhyai 'to bear', mandá-dhyai 'to delight in', mandayá-dhyai 'to rejoice', madayá-dhyai 'to delight in', yája-dhyai 'to worship', risayá-dhyai 'to injure oneself', vandá-dhyai 'to praise', vartayá-dhyai 'to cause to turn', váha-dhyai 'to guide', vajayá-dhyai 'to hasten', vāvṛdhá-dhyai (from the perfect) ‘to strengthen', vyjá-dhyai 'to turn to', śayá-dhyai 'to lie', sucá-dhyai 'to shine', sacá-dhyai 'to partake', sáha-dhyai 'to overcome', stavá-dhyai 'to praise', syandayá-dhyai 'to flow', huvá-dhyai 'to call'. The TS. has also one of these infinitives ending in -e: gamá-dhye (1. 3. 6²). 8. Five dative infinitives are formed from stems in -man: trá-man-e 'to protect', dá-man-e 'to give', dhár-man-e (x. 88¹) 'to support', bhár-man-e 'to preserve', vid-mán-e5 'to know'. 9. Three dative infinitives are formed from stems in van: tur-ván-e 'to overcome' (√tr-), dā-ván-e ‘to give', dhắr-van-e 'to injure' (√ dhvr-). 2. Accusative Infinitive. 586. This infinitive is an accusative in sense as well as in form, being used only as the object of a verb. It is primarily employed as a supine with verbs of motion to express purpose. It is formed in two ways. a. More than a dozen radical stems in the RV. and several others in the AV. form an accusative infinitive with the ending -am7. The root nearly always ends in a consonant and appears in its weak form. It is not always easy to distinguish these infinitives from substantives, but the following include all the more certain forms: sam-idham 'to kindle', vi-crt-am 'to unfasten', pra-tir-am (√tr-) 'to prolong', prati-dhắm 'to place upon' (AV.), (vi-, sam-)-pŕcch-am 'to ask', pra-miy-am 'to neglect' (Vmī-), yám-am³ 'to guide', yudh-am (AV.) ‘to fight', ā-rábh-am 'to reach', a-rúh-am 'to mount', a-vis-am 'to enter', sübh-am 'to shine', a-sád-am 'to sit down'⁹. b. Five accusative infinitives from stems in -tu (of which the dative I In x. 1064 bhujyái, occurring beside | 7 The only roots in vowels taking it are pustyái, is doubtless a substantive; other | dha-, mi-, tỹ-. cases of the word are also met with : see GRASSMANN, s. v. bhuji. The MS.1.6³ has also sádhyai (from sah+ti); róhișyai, which occurs in the TS. 1. 3. 10² is doubtless substantive; see DELBRÜCK 201 and WHITNEY 977. 8 Occurs three times in the RV., always dependent on šakéma. 2 This infinitive form occurs once only in the AV. in a Rigvedic passage. 9 Perhaps also sam-óh-am (strong radical vowel) and upa-spij-am. Cp. the list in WOLFF, p. 87-90. There are several quite doubtful examples from the AV., as nih- khíd-am (conjecture), pra-tánk-am, sam-rúdh- am. See WHITNEY's notes in his Translation on AV. IV. 16²; v. 187; VII. 505. 3 An intensive formation from radh-(64,1). 4 yajádhyai TS. Iv. 6. 3³; VS, XVII, 57. 5 WHITNEY 974 also quotes dár-mane. 6 Cp. WOLFF 32, 40.