Page:Vedic Grammar.djvu/418

 408 I. ALLGEMEINES UND SPRACHE. 4. VEDIC GRAMMAR. formed chiefly from radical stems or stems in tu, only a few dative and locative forms being made from other stems. It is somewhat remarkable that the acc. form in -tum which is the only infinitive in the later language, hardly occurs in the RV., being found there only five times, while the dative infinitive, which is more than seven times as frequent as all the rest in the RV., has almost disappeared even in the Brahmanas. The formations which are restricted to the infinitive meaning are the datives in -tavai, -dhyai, and (the very few) in -se, besides a small number of locatives in -sáni. In other forms it is often difficult to draw a strict line of demarcation between the infinitive and ordinary case uses ³. 2 I. Dative Infinitive. 583. This infinitive ends in -e, which when added to the ā of a root or stem combines with it to ai. It has the final meaning of '(in order) to', 'for (the purpose of)'³. This dative is commonly used without an object; hence a dative often appears beside it by attraction instead of an accusa- tive; e. g. asmábhyam drśáye súryāya púnar dātām ásum (X. 14¹2) 'may they two grant us life again, for the sun, that we may see (it)', i. e. ‘that we may see the sun' ( drśáye súryam). When used with kr- 'make' or verbs of wishing, and when predicative, this infinitive acquires a passive meaning; e. g. agním sam-idhe cakártha (1.1139) 'thou hast made (= caused) the fire to be kindled'; yád im uśmási kártave (x. 74°) 'what we wish to be done'; brahmadviṣaḥ. . . hántavá u (x. 1823) 'Brahma-haters (are) to be slain' 4. ― 584. From roots are formed some 60 dative infinitives. a. About a dozen are made from roots ending in long vowels, chiefly -ā, and one in -i. All of these are found only compounded with prefixes, excepting bhū-, which appears once in the simple form. Two of them drop a before the -e5. These infinitives are: vi-khyái 'to look abroad'; parā-dái ‘to give up’; prati-mái ‘to imitate’ (I. 6o4); -yải “to go; ava-sái (III.5320) ‘to rest'; śrad-dhé (1.1022) 'to trust' (with the dat. particle kám); pra-mé (1x. 704) 'to form'; pra-hyè (x. 109³) ‘to send' (√hi-); -miy-e 'to diminish' (√mī-); bhuv-é and -bhv-é ‘to be' (Vbhu-); -tir-e 'to cross' (√tī-); -stír-e (√ stř- 'spread'). b. The rest are formed from roots ending in consonants. The un- compounded forms are: tvis-é 'to arouse', drs-é 'to see', bhuj-é 'to enjoy', mah-é 'to be glad, mih-é 'to make water', mud-é 'to rejoice', musé 'to rob', muh-é 'to be bewildered', yuj-é ‘to yoke', yudh-é ‘to fight', ruc-é 'to shine', vṛdh-é 'to thrive', subh-é 'to shine'. The compounded forms are much more frequent. They are: -áj-e 'to drive', -idhe 'to kindle', -krám-e 'to stride', grábh-e 'to seize', -cákş-e 'to see', -tir-e 'to cross', -túj-e 'to procure', -dábh-e 'to injure', -díš-e ‘to point', dys-e 'to see', -dhys-e 'to be bold' (+ AV. TS.), -nám-e 'to bend', -nás-e (+ VS.) 'to attain', -niks-e 'to pierce', -núd-e 'to thrust', -pic-e 'to fill', pŕcch-e 'to ask'; -bádh-e 'to bind' (AV.), -búdhe (TS. 1. 2. 3¹) 'to awake', -mise 'to forget', -yákş-e 'to speed', -yúj-e 'to yoke', -rábh-e 'to seize', -rúj-e 'to break', -vắc-e 'to speak' (√vac-), -vid-e 'to find', -vidh-e 'to pierce' (√vyadh-), -vis-e 'to seize', -vŕj-e 'to put round', -výt-e ‘to turn', -śás-e 'to proclaim', -sád-e 'to sit', -súd-e 'to enjoy', -skád-e 'to leap', -skábh-e 'to prop', -spise 'to touch', -syád-e 'to flow', -sváj-e 'to embrace'7. I AVERY 230. 2 WHITNEY 9701; WOLFF p. I. 3 Cp. WHITNEY 982. On the uses of the infinitive, cp. BRUGMANN, KG. 805-811. 4 Cp. WHITNEY 982, a- -d. 5 That is, śrad-dhé and pra-mé, which might, however, be explained as locatives. 6 In VIII. 4¹5 the dative, accented túj-e, occurring independently, appears to be a substantive. 7 Cp. the list in LUDWIG p. 56—58.