Page:Vedic Grammar.djvu/411

 VII. VERB. SECONDARY CONJUGATION. 567. Consonant stems usually remain unchanged before the suffix. a. The only stem ending in -j is bhisáj- 'physician': bhișaj-yá- ‘play the physician', 'heal'. b. There is one denominative, isudh-yá- 'implore', which seems to pre- suppose a stem in -dh, viz. işudh-, but is probably a denominative from işu-dhi- (like pátya- 'from páti-) 'put in the arrow', 'aim'². • 2 c. Denominatives formed from stems in -n are ukṣaṇ-yá- 'act like a bull'; udan-yá- ‘irrigate'; brahman-yá- 'be devout' ('act like a brahmán³); vṛṣan-yá-³ 'act like a bull', 'be lustful'. d. A denominative formed from a stem in -ar is vadhar-yá- 'hurl a bolt' (vádhar-). Stems in -ar are further presupposed in rathar-yá- 'ride in a car'; śrathar-yá- 'become loose'; sapar-yá- 'worship'. e. The consonant stems most frequently used to form denominatives are those in -as: apas-yá- 'be active'; avas-yá- 'seek help'; canas-yá- 'be satisfied'; duvas-yá- 'adore'; namas-yá- ‘pay homage'; nr-manas-yá- 'be kindly disposed to men'; manas-yá- bear in mind'; vacas-yá- 'be audible'; varivas-yá- ‘grant space'; śravas-yá-4 'hasten'; sa-canas-yá- ‘cherish'; su-manas-yá- 'be gracious'; sv-apas-yá- 'act well'. Stems in -as are further presupposed by iras-yá- 'be angry'; daśas-yá- ‘render service to'; panas-yá- 'excite admiration'; sacas-yá- 'receive care'. A few denominatives have further been formed from stems in -a following the analogy of those in -as; thus makhas-yá- 'be cheerful' (makhá-) and su-makhas-yá- (TS.) be merry'; mānavas-yá- 'act like men' (mānavá-). The stem aviş-yá-, appearing in the participle avisyant- 'helping willingly', apparently a denominative (beside avişyá- 'desire', avisyú- 'desirous'), seems to be formed from *av-is- = áv-as- 'favour'5. f. A few denominatives are formed from stems in -us: taruş-yá- 'engage in fighť (tár-us-); vanuş-yá- ‘plot against' (van-ús- 'eager'); vapus-ya- 'wonder' (váp-us- 'marvellous'). This analogy is followed by uru-ş-yá- 'seek wide space' from a stem in -u (urú- 'wide'). 401 568. There are a few denominative forms made without a suffix direct from nominal stems, but they nearly always have beside them denominative stems in -ya; thus bhisák-ti (vIII. 79²) 'heals' 3. sing. from bhișáj- 'act as phy- sician' (also m. 'physician'); a-bhiṣṇak (x. 1315), 3. sing. impf. of bhiṣṇaj- ‘heal'. Similarly there appear the forms sing. 2. işana-s, 3. iṣaṇa-t, pl. 3. įṣaṇa-nta beside işan-yá-; pl. 3. krpána-nta beside krpan-yá-; pl. 1. taruse-ma, 3. táruşa-nte, taruşa-nta beside taruş-yá-; pl. 3 vanuşa-nta beside vanuş-yá-. Possibly the form vánanvati is a denominative meaning 'is at hand', from a noun *van-anu-, beside the simple verb van- 'win¹6. Inflexion. 569. The denominative is regularly inflected throughout the present system according to the a- conjugation in both voices. The commonest form is the 3. sing. active and middle. The forms of the present indicative active and middle that actually occur would, if made from manas-yá- 'bear in mind', be the following: Active. Sing. 1. manasyāmi (AV.). 2. manasyási. 3. manasyáti. Du. 2. manasyáthas. 3. manasyátas. Pl. 1. manasyāmasi and manasyámas. 2. manasyatha. 3. manasyanti. Middle. Sing. 1. manasyé. 2. manasyethe. 3. manasyete (AV.). - - manasyáse. 3. manasyáte. Pl. 1. manasyámahe. 3. manasyante. ¹ Cp. DELBRÜCK 194. 2 Cp. GRASSMANN, s. v. isudhy. 3 Beside vṛṣāyá-; cp. p. 399, note 8. 4 According to BR. derived from śravas- Indo-arische Philologie. L 4. Du. 2. 26 from śru- = sru- 'flow', but GRASSMANN from fru- 'hear'. 5 Cp. GRASSMANN, s. v. avisy. P. 6 Cp. DELBRÜCK 218.