Page:Vedic Grammar.djvu/407

 VII. VERB. SECONDARY CONJUGATION. b. Subjunctive. Active. Sing.I. cetáyäni (TS. III. 2. 10²; MS. IV. 58), randha- yāni. 2. codáyāsi, mṛláyäsi, randháyāsi (AV.), vartayāsi (TS. VII. 4. 20¹); janáyās (AV.), yāvayās(AV.), yodháyās. 3. ardayāti (AV.), kalpáyāti, tarpayāti(AV.), pādayāti (AV.), pārayāti, pūrayāti (AV.), māráyāti (AV.), mṛļáyāti, rājayāti (TS. II. 4. 14²), sūdayāti; kalpayāt (AV.), codáyāt, pāráyāt, marcáyāt, sādayāt, sāyáyît (TS. 1. 8. 62). Du. I. iráyava. - 2. dhapayathas (AV.), padayathas (AV.), vāsayāthas (AV.), südayāthas (AV.).-3. kulayātas. - Pl. 1. irayāma, dhārayāma. 2. chadáyātha, vardhayātha (AV.). 3. śrapayan (TS.Iv. 1.5¹). Middle. Sing. 2. kāmáyāse, codáyāse, joṣáyāse, mādáyāse, yātayāse, mādayāṭhās (AV. IV. 25°). -3. codayate, chandayāte, dhärayāte, mādáyāte, vartayāte; inkháyātai (AV.), cetáyātai (TS. 1. 1. 13²), dhārayātai (AV.), rājayātai (AV.), vārayātai (AV.). Du. I. inkhayāvahai, kalpayāvahai, janayāvahai (AV.). yaite. Pl. 2. kämáyādhve, madayadhve; mädayādhvai. 3. mādá- c. Optative. This mood is very rare, only four forms occurring in the RV. and two in the AV. Sing. 2. janayes (Kh.11.104), dhārayes. - 3. mānayet (AV.), vādayet (AA. III. 2.5), vesayet (AV.), sprhayet.- Pl.1. citáyema, marjayema. d. Imperative. Forms of this mood are common, nearly 120 occurring in the RV.; of these, however, quite one half are in the 2. sing. act. No forms of the 3. sing. and du. mid. are met with in the RV. No impv. in -tāt is found in the RV. and only one in the AV.: 2. sing. dharayatat. The forms actually occurring, if made from kalpáya-, would be the following: Active. Sing. 2. kalpáyă and kalpayatāt (AV.). 3. kalpayatu. Du. 2. kalpáyatam. 3. kalpayatām. Pl. 2. kalpáyată. 3. kalpáyantu. Middle. Sing. 2. kalpáyasva. Du. 2. kalpáyethām. - Pl. 2. kalpáya- dhvam. 3. kalpayantäm. - - — —— M - - — e. Participles. The active participle in -ant, with fem. in -ī, is common; e. g. jan-áyant-, f. jan-áyant-i- 'producing'. The middle participle, which is always formed with mana, is rare. In the RV. are found only maháya- mana- 'glorifying', yatáya-mana- 'reaching', vardháya-mana- 'increasing', and in the AV. only kāmáya-māna- 'desiring'; in the TS. (iv. 2. 6²) cātáya-māna-. f. Imperfect. Forms of this tense, both augmented and unaugmented, are frequent. In the RV. some 130 occur in the active, about two-thirds of which are in the 2. and 3. sing. Middle forms are rare except in the 3. pl. In the active the 1. and 3. du., and 1. and 2. pl. are wanting; in the middle all the 1. persons and the 3. du. are unrepresented. Some 50 unaugmented forms are used as injunctives in the RV. 2. The forms actually occurring, if made from janaya-, would be the following: Active. Sing. 1. ajanayam; janayam. 2. ájanayas; janáyas. 3. ájanayat; janáyat. Du. 2. ájanayatam. Pl. 3. ájanayan; janayan. Middle. Sing. 2. ajanayathās; janáyathās. 3. ájanayata; janayata. Pl. 2. ajanayadhvam. 3. ájanayanta; janáyanta. Du. 2. ájanayethām. 560. Outside the present system very few causative forms occur. These are found in the following formations. ———— occur; and in pl. 2. the unexampled ending -dhvāt in vārayadhvāt: WHITNEY 1043 d. 397 a. Future. Only four forms occur in the RV. and AV. Active. Sing. 1. düşayisyámi (AV.). 3. dharayişyáti. Middle. Sing. 2. vasayişyáse 'wilt adorn thyself'. 3. värayiṣyate (AV.) 'will shield'. b. Perfect. The only example of a periphrastic perfect occurring in the Samhitās is made from a causative stem: gamayāṇ cakāra (AV.). c. Aorist. The reduplicated aorist has attached itself to the causa- tive, probably because the intensive character of the reduplicated form became
 * In K. the forms yamayatāt and cyāvayatāt z See AVERY 264.