Page:Vedic Grammar.djvu/399

 VII. VERB. FUTURE SYSTEM. SECONDARY CONJUGATION. 389 han- 'slay' : jí-gham-sa-. In ghas- 'eat' the final s becomes before the s of the suffix: ji-ghat-sa-¹ (AV.). ß. The desiderative suffix -sa is never added in the RV. with the connecting vowel --; but there is one example of this formation in the AV., viz. pat- 'fly' : pi-pat-i-sa-2. Inflexion. 543. The desiderative is inflected regularly like verbs of the a- conjuga- tion in both voices, having the moods and participles of the present tense, as well as an imperfect. No forms outside the present system occur in the RV. with the exception of the perfect from mis-, mi-miks-ur³ etc. (in which, how- ever, the desiderative stem is treated as a root) besides two aorist forms and one passive participle in the AV.4. The forms of the present indicative, active and middle, which actually occur, would if made from ví-vā-sa- ‘desire to win', be as follows: Active. Sing. I. vivāsāmi. 2. vivāsasi. 3. vivāsati. - Du. 2. vívāsathas. 3. vivasatas. Pl. 1. vivāsāmas. 3. vivasanti. Middle. Sing. 1. vivase. 2. vivāsase. 3. vivāsate. Pl. 1. vivasāmahe. vivāsante. 544. Forms occurring elsewhere in the present system are the following: a. Subjunctive. Active. Sing. 3. jighamsat (TS.), títrpsat, dipsāt (TS. AV.), nínitsat, vivasat. Pl. 3. iyakṣän, titrtsān, viväsän. vívāsāt. b. Injunctive. Active. Sing. 3. inaksat, cikitsat, vivāsat. Middle. Pl. 3. apsanta, didhisanta, siksanta. c. Optative. Active. Sing. 1. ditseyam, vivaseyam. Pl. 1. didhisema, vivāsema. Middle. Sing. 1. didhiseya. 3. viväset. d. Imperative. Active. Sing. 2. cikitsa, dípsa (AV.), mimiksa, vivasa. -3. cikitsatu (AV.). - Du. 2. mimiksatam, sisasatam. 3. mimikṣatām. — Pl. 2. cikitsata (TS.), viväsata. 3. didhisantu. e. Participles. Active. inaksant-, iyakṣant-, ipsant- (AV.), irtsant- (AV.), cíkitsant-, jighāmsant-, ditsant-, dipsant-, důdukṣant-, pipīṣant-, búbhūṣant-, yuyutsant-, yuyuşant-, ririkṣant- (Vriş-), rúruksant- (√ruh-), vivasant-, sisāsant-, sisypsant-, siksant-. Middle. iyakşamāṇa-, īrtsamāna- (AV.), jigīṣamāṇa-, múmukṣamana-, lipsamāna- (AV.), śikṣamāṇa- (TS.), śúśrūṣamāna-; and with -ana: didhiṣāna-. f. Imperfect. Active. Sing. 2. ásiṣāsas. 3. ajighamsat, asiṣāsat. Pl. 3. áyuyutsan, ásişasan; duduksan, bibhitsan. — — — - g. Aorist. Sing. 2. acikitsis (AV.), irtsis (AV.). h. Passive. No finite form of the passive seems to occur in the Sam- hitas; of participles, no certain form of the present occurs, mīmāmsyámāna- (AV. Ix. 6²4) 5 being a conjecture; and of the past only one form has been noted: mīmāmsitá- (AV. 1x. 6²4) 6. i. Gerundive. Two regular forms occur: didrks-énya- 'worthy to be seen' and susrūṣ-énya- (TS.) 'worthy to be heard'. There are also one or two irregular formations: didyks-bya- 'worthy to be seen' and paprks-énya- ‘to be asked' (unless from aorist stem) 7. k. Verbal adjective. A considerable number (more than a dozen in the RV.) of verbal adjectives are formed from the desiderative stem with the I See above 44 a, I. 2 The desiderative of jiv- live', jijiv-i-sa-, occurs in VS. XL. (Ïśā Up.). 3 According to GRASSMANN, perf. des. of mih 'mingere'; cp. WHITNEY, Roots, s. v. miks.sitvā from K. 4 In all these forms the stems have lost 7 See below, Gerundive 580. their distinct desiderative meaning: cp. WHITNEY 1033. 5 Cp. WHITNEY's note in his translation; in his grammar 1039 he quotes rurutsyamāna (Vrudh-) from K. 37, 12 (apa-). 6WHITNEY 1037 quotes the gerund mīmām-