Page:Vedic Grammar.djvu/392

 382 I. ALLGEMEINES UND SPRACHE. 4. VEDIC GRAMMAR. may be accounted as belonging to the s- aorist. All but two of them occur in the RV. They are: arśasāná- ‘injuring', óhasāna- (√ūh-) ‘lying in wait', jrayasāná- (√jri-) 'far-extending', dhiyasaná- (Vdhi) 'attending', namasāná- (√nam-) 'rendering homage' (AV.), bhiyásāna- (√ bhī-) ‘fearing' (AV.), mandasāná- (Vmand-) 'rejoicing', yamasāná- (Vyam-) 'being driven' (with passive sense), rabhasāná- (√rabh-) ‘agile', vrdhasāná- (√vṛdh-) 'growing', śavasāná- (√ šū-) ‘strong”, sahasāná- (√sah-) ‘mighty'. A. 2. The is- Aorist. DELBRÜCK, Verbum p. 179-180. WHITNEY, AVERY, Verb-Inflection 259-261. Sanskrit Grammar 898-910; Roots 226-227; AV. Index Verborum 380. v. NEGELEIN, Zur Sprachgeschichte 85-86. - 528. About 80 roots take this form of the sigmatic aorist in the RV. and about a dozen others in the AV. - The s is here added to the root with the connecting vowel --. The radical vowel as a general rule takes Guna throughout; but in the active a final vowel takes Vṛddhi and a medial -a is sometimes lengthened. No roots with final -ã and few with final - take this aorist. The terminations are the same as those of the s-aorist, excepting that the 2. and 3. sing. act. end in -īs ( is-s) and -īt (— iş-t). Active and middle forms, though frequent, are rarely both made from the same root, occurring thus in about fifteen verbs only. This is the only aorist from which a few forms are made in the secondary conjugation ¹. = Besides the indicative, all the moods are represented in this aorist, but no participial forms have been met with. Indicative. 529. In the active all persons are represented except du. 1. 2. and pl. 2.; but in the middle only sing. 2. and 3. occur besides a single form of sing. I (Kh.), du. 3. and pl. 3. (VS.). a. A few irregularities occur in the formation of this tense². I. The forms atārima (beside the normal átāriṣma) and avādiran ³ (AV.), are probably to be regarded as irregular forms with abnormal loss of the aoristic -s. 2. The root grabh- 'seize' takes the connecting vowel 73 (as it does in other verbal forms) instead of -i-, as agrabhīşma. 3. In the sing. 1. act., the ending -īm appears instead of -isam in the three forms ákramím, vádhīm, and agrabhīm (TS.), doubtless owing to the analogy of the 2. and 3. sing. -is and it4. 4. The abnormal ending -ait appears in the 3. sing. in ásaraits (AV.) beside aśarīt (AV.) 6. The normal forms occurring, if made from kram- 'stride', would be as follows: - - Active. Sing. 1. ákramişam. 2. ákramis. 3. ákramit. Du. 3. ákra- mistām. - Pl. 1. ákramisma. 3. ákramisur. Middle. Sing. 1. ákramişi (Kh.). 2. ákramiṣṭhās. 3. ákramiṣṭa. - Du. 3. ákramişātām. Pl. 3. ákramisata (VS.). The forms which actually occur are the following: I From causatives dhvanayīt, ailayit (Vil, 4 Cp. DELBRÜCK, Verbum p. 188. AV.), from a desiderative īrtsīs (Vṛdh-, AV.). 2 The weak form of the root appears in the injunctive nudiṣṭhās (AV.) and the opta- tive ruciṣīya (AV.) and gmiṣīya (VS.), which syncopates the radical vowel as in the root | larity of taking Guņa instead of Vøddhi. aor. and the perfect of this verb. 3 Cp. WHITNEY 904 d. 5 This abnormal ending also occurs in the secondary conjugation in the denomi- native aor. ásaparyait (AV.): see below 570. 6 Both these forms also show the irregu-