Page:Vedic Grammar.djvu/391

 VII. VERB. AORIST SYSTEM. 381 I Pl. I. yauşma (yu- 'separate', VS. IV. 22). With Guna only: gesma ¹ (gā- ‘go', AV.), jéşma (√ji-), deṣma¹ (dā- ‘give', VS. II. 32). 2. naista (Vni), yausta (Vyu- 'separate', AV.), sapta² (TS. III. 3. 9¹). 3. jaisur (√ji-, AV.), dhāsur, yauṣur (yu- 'separate'), stheṣur¹ (AV. xvI. 47), häsur. Middle. Sing. 1. gāsi (gā- ‘sing'), nikṣi (√nij-, AV.), patsi ( √ pad-, AV.), bhakṣi (√bhaj-, VII. 41²), meşi (mī- ‘diminish', AV.), yamsi (√yam-), yakṣi (Vyaj-), vámsi (Vvan-), vrkṣi (Vvrj-). 2. cyoṣṭhās (√cyu-), chitthās (√ chid-, AV.), patthās (√ pad-, AV.), bhitthās (TS. IV. I. 9²), mamsthās (Vman-, AV.; VS. XIII. 41), meṣṭhās (Vmi-, AV.), ramsthās (√ram-, AV.), hāsthās (hā- ‘go forth', AV.). 3. kṣesta (ksi-‘destroy', AV.), nesṭa (√nī-, AV.), pāsta (pā- ‘drink', AV.), mamsta (Vman-, AV.), māmsta 6 (√man-, AV. XI. 2³), meșța (mī- ‘fail', AV.), hasta (ha- 'be left', AV.). - Du. 2. srkṣāthām (√ sṛj-, VS..XIX. 7). Pl. I. yutsmahi³ (√yudh-, AV.), hāsmahi (hã- 'be deprived of'). 3. dhukṣata (V duh-), nusata, matsata (Vmad-), mukṣata (Vmuc-), sakṣata (V sac- 'accompany'). s- Aorist Optative. 525. This mood occurs in the middle only in this form of the sigmatic aorist. The 2. 3. sing. always appears with the precatives excepting the one form bhakṣīta in the SV. (1. I. 2. 4²). Sing. 1. disiya (da- 'cut'), bhakṣīyá (√bhaj-), masiya s (y man-), mukṣīya, rāsīya, sākṣīya (√sah-, AV.), stṛṣīya (√ str-, AV.) 2. mamsiṣṭhás (√man-). 3. darşista (dr- 'tear'), bhakṣīta (SV.), mamsīṣṭa (man-), mṛkṣīṣṭa (mṛc- 'injure'). Du. 2. trásīthām (for *trās-īyāṭhām). Pl. 1. dhukṣīmáhi (√duh-, TS. 1. 6. 4³), bhakṣīmáhi (√bhaj-), mamsīmáhi (Vman-), vamsīmáhi and vasīmahis (√van-, IX. 728), sakṣīmáhi (V sac-). 3. mamsirata. s- Aorist Imperative. 526. No certain regular forms of the imperative occur in the active. Two or three, such as yauṣṭam, naista, might have been classed here, but as they occur with má only, they have been placed among the injunctives. There are, however, the two transfer forms in the 2. sing. neșa (√nī-, AV.) and parsa (pr- 'take across')7. The only forms of the imperative occurring in the middle are three made from ra- 'give' and one from sah- 'conquer'. Middle. Sing. 2. sáksva. 3. rāsatām. Du. 2. rasäthäm. - Pl. 3. rāsantām. s- Aorist Participle. 527. Only two or three forms of the active participle are found. These are dákṣant- and dháksant- from dah- 'burn', and sákṣant-from sah- 'prevail'. In the middle there are no regular forms. There is one doubtful example in which the stem is extended with -a- and accordingly adds the suffix -māna, as in the a- conjugation: dhi-s-a-māṇa- (dhī- 'think'). There are, besides, a dozen stems irregularly formed by adding s to the root with an intermediate -a-, and taking the regular ending -āna. These forms 1 See p. 380, note 9. For sāp-s-ta. 3 A somewhat doubtful reading: WHITNEY's note on AV. VII. 52². 4 With the radical à weakened to i. see 5 Root weakened by loss of nasal (a taking the place of the sonant nasal). 6 With irregular lengthening of the radical vowel. 7 See WHITNEY, AV. Index Verborum 382.