Page:Vedic Grammar.djvu/383

 VII. VERB. AORIST SYSTEM. vidéyam ¹ (AV.), šákeyam (Kh.iv. 84), sanéyam. 2. games (VS.). (AV.), gamét, yamet² (AV.), videt, sanet, set³ (VS. ix. 5, 6). Pl. I. asema ('attain'), rdhema (AV.), gaméma, drśema (AV.), pusema, bhujema, ruhema, videma (AV.), śakéma, sadema, sanéma and sánema, srasema4. Middle. Sing. 1. videya (VS. IV. 23). Pl. 1. gamemahi. There is also one precative form: 3. sing. videşta (AV.) 'may she find'. a- Aorist Imperative. 512. This mood is also of rare occurrence and is restricted to the active, excepting two middle plural forms. Active. Sing. 2. karas (RV¹.), bhuja (TS. Iv. 5. 14), muca, ruha (AV.), sada, sána, sára. - 3. sadatu. ádata Du. 2. aratam, karatami (RV¹.), khyatam, ruhátam, vidatam, sádatam. 3. aratām, karatām8, sadatām. Pl. 2. khyáta, sadata; sadatana. Middle. Pl. 2. mucadhvam. A - a- Aorist Participle. a. There are hardly more than a dozen certain examples of the parti- ciple of this aorist. 3. sadantu. 3. sadantām (AV.). Active. trpánt-, dhṛṣánt-, rísant- or rísant-9, vṛdhánt-, śiṣánt- (śās- ‘order'), sucánt-, sádant- 10, sánant-10; and as first member of compounds: kṛtánt-, guhánt-, vidánt-¹¹ — - 373 3. rdhet Middle. guhámāna-, dhṛṣámāṇa-, nṛtámāna-, śucámana-; possibly also dásamāna-¹2. Probably three participles in -āna are to be regarded as belonging to this aorist: dhṛṣāṇá- (AV.), vṛdhāná-, sridhāná-. 2. Reduplicated Aorist. DELBRÜCK, Verbum 143 f. AVERY, Verb-Inflection 266-268. WHITNEY, Sanskrit Grammar 856-873; Roots 224; Atharvaveda, Index Verborum 380. v. NEGELEIN, Zur Sprachgeschichte 68 f. see WHITNEY's note. 2 A probable conjecture for yame in AV. XVIII. 2³. From sā- 'gain', as if sa- (sa-it). Cp. v. NEGELEIN 34. 4 With loss of the radical nasal, from Vsrams. 5 A transfer from the root aorist (other- wise krdhi). AVERY 243 adds gama(?). 6 With accent on the root instead of the second syllable; always sánā: cp. RPr. VII. 14, 19, 33. - 513. This type of aorist is formed from nearly 90 verbs in the Samhitās. Though it has come to be associated with the secondary conjugation in -áya (causative), it is not in form (with a few slight exceptions) connected with that stem, being made directly from the root. It is, however, in sense connected with the causative, inasmuch as it has a causative meaning when the corresponding verb in -aya has that meaning. As an augmented reduplicated form, it has affinities with the imperfect of the reduplicating present class and with the pluperfect. It may, however, be distinguished from the imperfect by the long reduplicative vowel, by the thematic -a- which nearly always appears in the stem, and often by the meaning; and from the 7 A transfer form from the root aorist (otherwise krtám). 8 A transfer form from the root aorist. 9 Once with the short, six times with the long vowel in the Samhitā text (Pp. always ž): see APr. 583, 584, 588. 10 With accent on the root as also risant- and rişant-. 11 In krtád-vasu- 'disclosing wealth', guhád- avadya- 'concealing faults', vidád-yasu- "win- ning wealth'. 12 As occurring beside the a- aorist in- junctive form dasat (510).
 * Emendation in AV. XIX. 4² for vide yám; |