Page:Vedic Grammar.djvu/371

 VII. VERB. PERFECT SYSTEM. Du. 2. ciketathas, jújoșathas; ninīthas¹ (1. 181¹). Pl. 1. cākánāma, tatánāma, šūśávāma. - 2. jújosatha, bubodhatha. 3. jujusan², jujosan, tatánan, papráthan, mamádan. Middle. Sing. 1. šaśvacái ³ ( √ śvañc-). 3. jújosate, tatápate, dadhṛṣate², yuyójate, vāvṛdhate², šaśámate (śam- ‘labour'). Pl. I. anášāmahai. - Perfect Injunctive. 488. There are a few singular active and 3. pl. middle forms which must be classed as injunctives, being identical in form with the corresponding un- augmented persons of the pluperfect. These are: Sing. 2. šašās (= *śaśās-s). 3. dudhot (dhu- 'shake'), siset5 (si 'bind); sasvár (= *sasvar-t, from svar- 'sound'); with connecting --: dadharṣīt. Pl. 3. cákramanta, cakánanta, tatánanta, dadabhanta, paprathanta, māmahanta, rurucanta², vävṛdhánta², vivyacanta. - 361 Perfect Optative. 489. This mood is formed by adding the accented optative modal suffix combined with the endings (416a) to the weak perfect stem. The active forms are the commonest, occurring more than twice as often as those of the middle. a. There are a few irregularities in the formation of this mood. I. The radical vowels of pā- 'drink', śru- ‘hear', and kr- 'make', being treated as before the -ya of the passive (444), the stems of these roots appear before the optative suffix as papī-, suśru-, 2. The vowel of the reduplicative syllable an- is shortened (as if it contained the augment) in ănajyāt (Vanj-). 3. A connecting is interposed in -- jakş-i-yát, while the radicali is combined with the ending in śiśrīta. 4. A transfer according to the analogy of the a- conjugation is ririses; possibly also sișet 6. and cakri-. Active. Sing. I. ānaśyām; jagamyām, papṛcyām, riricyām, vavṛtyám. 2. cakriyas¹, juguryās (gur- =gr- 'greet'), pupusyas, pupūryās (pur- — pr-, ‘fill'), babhūyās, rurucyās, vavrṛtyās, viviśyās, šuśrūyás³. — = 3. anajyāt; cacchadyāt, jakṣīyāt⁹ (ghas- 'eat'), jagamyāt, jagāyāt (gā-‘go'), jagrbhyāt, juguryát, tutujyát, tuturyát (√tur- tr-), nināyātxo, papatyat (AV.), papīyāt¹¹ (pā- 'drink'), papṛcyāt, babhūyát, mamadyat, riricyāt, vavṛtyāt, sasadyāt (AV.), sasṛjyāt, sāsahyāt. Du. 2. jagamyātam, śuśrūyátam. Pl. I. tuturyāma, vavṛtyāma, śūśuyáma, sāsahyáma. 3- jagamyur, tatanyur, dadhanyur, mamrdyur, vavrjyúr, vavṛtyur. vāvṛdhīthás. Middle. Sing. I. vavrtiya. 2. cakṣamithas, vävydhíthás. 3. jagrasīta, dudhuvīta, māmṛjīta, vavṛtīta, śiśrītá (śri- ‘resort'), susucīta. Pl. I. vavrtimahi. There also occurs in the middle one precative form: Sing. 2. sāsah-i-s-thás. - 1 Abnormal form withont modal sign or strong radical vowel; cp. HIRT, IF. 12, 220. 2 With weak radical syllable. 3 This form occurs only once (III. 33¹0) beside the s-aor. namsai, and may therefore be an irregular redupl. aorist, to which it is doubtfully assigned by WHITNEY 863 a. 4 SV. jujósate. 5 This form, however, might be a transfer present optative from să- (the collateral formā to i. Perfect Imperative. 490. The regular perfect imperative is formed like the present impera- tive of the reduplicating class, the 3. sing. active being strong. Hardly more of the root si-) according to the reduplicating class; or a reduplicated aorist injnnctive (GRASSMANN and WHITNEY 868 a). 6 See note 5 on this form. 7 Cp. v. NEGELEIN 66. 8 With lengthened radical vowel. 9 With interposed -ī. 10 Cp. HIRT, IF. 12, 220. ¹¹ With change of the final radical vowel