Page:Vedic Grammar.djvu/355

 VII. VERB. PRESENT SYSTEM. Present Optative. Active. Sing. 3. bhindyāt (AV.). — Present Imperative. 466. The only ending of the 2. sing. act. is -dhi, no form with tat having been met with. As usual, the strong base sometimes appears in the 2. pl. act.: unátta, yunákta; anaktana, pinaṣṭana. Active. Sing. 2. andhi' (V añj-), undhi (= unddhi), chindhi (= chind- dhi), trndhi (= tṛnddhí), pṛndhi (=prigdhi), bhandhi (— bhangdhi), bhindhi (= bhinddhi), yundhi (= yungdhi, AV.), rundhi (= runddhi, AV.), vrndhi (= vrngdhi). 3. anáktu, chináttu (AV.), tṛṇédhu² (AV.), prnáktu, bhanaktu (AV.), bhinattu (AV.), yunáktu (AV.), vinaktu (√/vic-, AV.), vṛṇaktu, hinástu (Kh. iv. 5¹5). Du. 2. antam (= anktam, AV.), chintám (= chinttám, AV.), priktám. 3. anktām (VS. II. 22). Pl. 2. unátta 3, bhintta (TS. Iv. 7. 132), yunákta, vrikta; anaktana, pinas- tana. 3. añjantu, undantu (AV.), yuñjántu (AV.), vṛñjantu (AV.). Middle. Sing. 2. ankṣva (AV.), yunkṣvá, vṛnkṣva (AV.). -3. indham s (= inddhām, AV.), yuntām (= yunktām, AV.), rundham (= runddhām, AV.). Du. 2. yunjatham. Pl. 2. indhvam (= inddhvam), yungdhvám. 3. indhatām. Middle. Sing. 3. prñcītá. Present Participle. 467. Active. añjánt-, undánt- and udat-í- (AV.), rñjánt-, ṛndhánt-, kṛntatí- (AV.), pimṣati-, prñcánt- and prñcatí-º, bhañjánt- and bhañjatí, bhindánt- and bhindatí- (AV.), bhunjati, yuñjati-, viñcánt-, (á-)himsant-. 345 Middle. añjāná-, índhãna-, tuñjāná-, tundāná-7 (AV.), précăná-, bhindāná-, yuñjāná- (TS. IV. 1. 1³), rundhānd-, śumbhāná-8, hímsāna-. Imperfect Indicative. 468. Active. Sing. 2. átṛṇat9 (AV.), abhanas¹ (AV.), ábhinat, ariņak (Vric-), avṛṇak; unap (√ubh-), ṛṇak (Kh.iv.6⁹), pinak, bhinát. — 3. átrnat, aprnak (Vprc-), ábhinat, ayunak and ayunak, avinak (√vic, AV.), ávṛṇak (Vvrj-); áunat (V√ud-); bhinát, riņák, vṛṇák. - Du. 2. atṛntam (– atrnttam).- Pl. 3. átrndan, ábhindan, avṛñjan; āñjan, āyuñjan (TS. 1. 7. 7²). Middle. Sing. 3. ainddha (Vidh-, AV.). - Pl. 3. ayunjata, arundhata (AV.); unaugmented: anjata. — f. 2. The nu- class. DELBRÜCK, Verbum p. 154-157. AVERY, Verb-Inflection 232 ff. WHITNEY, Sanskrit Grammar p. 254-260; Roots 213. v. NEGELEIN, Zur Sprachgeschichte 57-60; 63-64; 94. - 3 The AV. has the transfer form umbhata (Vubh-) according to the á- class. 4 AV. XIX.455: akṣva emended to á-ankṣva; see WHITNEY's note on the passage. 5 V. NEGELEIN 63, note ¹, thinks this form may be the starting point of the ending -am 469. More than thirty verbs follow this class in the Samhitās. The stem is formed by adding to the root, in the strong forms, the accented syllable -n, which in the weak forms is reduced to -nu. 1 For ang-dhi. The final consonant of in the imperatives 3. sing. vid-am and the root is regularly dropped before the dúh-am. ending -dhi. 6 AV. also pŕňcati-. 2 Cp. V. NEGELEIN, Zur Sprachgeschichte 61³. 7 Vtud- otherwise follows the á- class. 8 Vsubh otherwise follows the a- or á class. 9 From Ytrd. The MSS. have átrinat: see WHITNEY's note on AV. xix. 324. 10 For *abhanak-s (Ybhañj-): see WHITNEY, Grammar 555, and his note on AV. uI. 6³. Cp. above 66, c, f 2 (p. 61),