Page:Vedic Grammar.djvu/354

 I. ALLGEMEINES UND SPRACHE. 4. VEDIC GRAMMAR. f. 1. The infixing nasal class. 463. This class, which includes fewer than 30 verbs, is characterized by the accented syllable ná preceding the final consonant of the root in the strong forms. That syllable in the weak forms becomes a simple nasal varying according to the class to which the following consonant belongs. 344 1. The infix, appearing in forms outside the limits of the present stem, has become part of the root in añj- 'anoint', bhanj- 'break', and hims- 'injure'. 2. There are a few transfers to the á- class, in which some of these verbs come to be inflected in the later language¹, and in which several verbs are regularly nasalized in the present stem (429, a, 1). 3. Instead of the regular -ná-, the root trh- 'crush' infixes -né- in the strong forms; thus 3. sing. trne-dhi. 4. In the 3. pl. ind. mid. irregular accentuation of the final syllable occurs exceptionally in each of the forms añjaté, indhaté, bhunjaté ². Present Indicative. 464. The forms actually occurring, if made from yuj- 'join', would be the following: Pl. 1. yunjmas. Active. Sing. 1. yunájmi. 2. yunákṣi. 3. yunákti. 3. yunjanti. Du. 2. yunjathe. Middle. Sing. 1. yunjé. 2. yunkṣe. 3. yunkté. 3. yunjate. Pl. 2. yungdhvé. 3. yuñjáte. The forms which actually occur are the following: Active. Sing. 1. anajmi (AV.), chinadmi (AV.), tṛṇadmi ( √ trd-), bhinádmi, yunájmi, runadhmi (rudh- 'obstruct'). 2. prnákṣi (Vprc-), bhinátsi, yunaksi, vynáksi (vrj-'twist'). 3. anakti, unátti (√ud-), kṛṇatti (krt- 'spin'), grnatti ³ (AV.x. 743), chinátti (AV.), tṛṇatti, pinásti (Vpis-), bhanákti (√bhanj-), bhinátti, yunákti (AV.), rinákti (√ric-), runáddhi, vrnákti, hinásti (Vhims-, AV. SA.). Pl. I. anjmas. 3. añjánti, undánti, pimşánti, prñcánti, bhindánti, yunjánti, viñcanti (vic- 'sift'), vṛñjanti. —— ➖➖➖ mahai. Middle. Sing. I. anje, rnje (rj- 'direct'), prnce (AV.), yuñjé, vṛñjé. 2. yunkṣe (AV.). 3. anktér, indhé (= ind-dhé, Vidh-), prikté, yunktes, rundhé (— rund-dhé, AV.), vṛňkte, hímsteº (AV.). With ending -e: vrije. Du. 2. anjathe (Kh. v. 64; VS. xxxIII. 33), yunjathe. xx. 61), tuñjáte, vṛñjāte (AV.). 3. añjāte (VS. Pl. 2. angdhvé. 3- añjáte and añjaté, indháte and indhaté, rujate, tuñjáte, prñcáte, bhuñjáte and bhuñjaté, yuñjáte, rundhate (AV.), vṛñjate. · Present Subjunctive. 465. The weak base is once used instead of the strong in the form añj-a-tas for *anaj-a-tas; and the AV. has once the double modal sign a in the form trnáh-ān. Du. I. Active. Sing. 2. bhinádas. — 3. rnádhat, bhinádat, yunájat. rinácāva. - 3. anjatas. - Pl. 3. anájan, yunájan, vṛṇajan; tṛṇáhān (AV.). Middle. Sing. 3. inádhate, yunájate. Pl. I. bhunájāmahai, runadha- - - Present Injunctive. Active. Sing. 2. pinák (Vpis-), bhinát. riņak (√ric-). Middle. Pl. 3. yunjata. I Thus ud- 'wet' : unátti is inflected as unda-ti in B. and S.; and yuj- 'join': yunákti as yunja-ti in U. and E., beside the old forms. 2 In the RV. anjaté occurs once, añjáte 12 times, indhaté 4 times, indháte 15 times, while bhunjaté and bhuñjáte occur once each. - 3. pinak, prnák, bhinát, 3 úd grnatti 'ties up', is here only a cor- ruption of the corresponding út krnatti of RV.x. 130², seemingly a form of grath- 'tie'. 4 AV. anté. 5 AV. yunte. 6 With irregular accent.