Page:Vedic Grammar.djvu/348

 I. ALLGEMEINES UND SPRACHE. 4. VEDIC GRAMMAR. 2. ayasi (AV.), ásasi, bravasi; áyas (AV.), ásas, kṣáyas (kṣi- ‘dwell'), ghásas, dánas, parcas, bravas, védas, šákas, hánas; with -ā-: áyās (AV.). 3. áyati, ásati, vayati (Vvī-), védati, hanati; adat (AV.), áyat, ásat, irat', kṣayat, ghasat, cayat, déhat, dohat (1. 16426), dvésat (AV.), pāt ('pro- tect'), brávat, védat (vid- 'know'), stávat, hánat (AV. TS.); with-a-: ayat (Kh. III. 1³), asāt (AV.), rodāt (Kh. 2. 11¹). 338 Du. I. hánāva. - 2. ásathas, vedathas. 3. patas 'protect' (Iv. 557). Pl. I. ayāma, ásāma, kṣáyāma, dveṣāma (AV.), brávama, stávama, hánāma. -2. ásatha ², stavatha; with-a-: bravătha (AV.), hanātha (AV.).— 3. ayan, ásan, brávan, yavan (join', AV. III. 172), hánan (AV.); with -ā-: ádān (AV.), ayān (AV.). Middle. Sing. I. stușé³. - 2. āsase. 3. āsate, idhaté, dóhate, dvésate (TS. Iv. 1. 10³), várjate; with -tai: áyātai (AV.), ásātai (AV.); with secondary ending -ta: isata. - Du. I. bravavahai.— 3. brávaite. — Pl. 1. ilāmahai, brávā- mahai; lamahe. 3. hánanta. - Present Injunctive. 3. vet (x. 53⁹), staut; without ending: dán, Active. Sing. 2. vés. rất, han. — Pl. 3. yan, san. Middle. Sing. 3. vasta, sūta. Pl. 3. lata, vasata. Present Optative. — —— 2. syás. 453. Active. Sing. I. iyām, yāyām, vidyām, syám. 3- adyat (AV.), iyit, bruyat, vidyát, syát, hanyát (AV.). Du. 2. brūyātam (TS. Iv. 7. 15), vidyatam, syātam. 3. syātīm. Pl. I. iyāma, turyáma, vidyáma, syáma, hanyáma. - 2. syáta; syátana. 3. adyúr, vidyúr, syur. Middle. Sing. I. isiya, śáyiya (AV.). 3. āsīta, ilīta, īsita, duhita, bruvīta, śáyīta, stuvītá. Pl. I. bruvimahi, vasimahi, stuvimahi. Present Imperative. 454. The endings are added directly to the root, which appears in its weak form except in the 3. sing. act., where it is strong and accented 5. In the 2. sing. act., -dhi is added to a final consonant, -hi to a vowel; -tāt, which occurs only three times, may be added to either a consonant or a vowel. In the mid., -ām 3. sing., -ram and -ratām 3. pl., occasionally appear for -täm and -atām6. — — Active. Sing. 2. addhi, edhi (as- 'be'), tālhi (Vtakṣ-), psahi (AV.), mrddhi (AV.), viddhi ('find' and 'know'), sadhi (Vsas-); ihi, jahil, pahi ‘protect', brūhí, bhāhi, yahí, vāhi, vihi, vīhí, stuhí, snāhi (AV.); with connecting -/-: anihi (VS. IV. 25), snathihi, svasihi (AV.), stanihi; with -tat: brūtāt (TS. 1. 6.4³), vittát, vītāt. 3. attu, ástu, etu, dvestu (AV.), pātu 'protect', psātu (AV.), mārṣṭu (AV. TS.), yātu, vaṣṭu (√vaš-), vátu, vétu, vettu (AV.), sastu, stautu (AV.), snautu (TS. III. 5. 5²), sváptu (AV.), hántu; with connecting -I-: brávītu. I AVERY 230 here adds ydhat, which I regard as a root aor. subjunctive. 2 vidátha, AV. I. 32¹, seems to be a cor- ruption for védatha; cp. WHITNEY's note. 3 For stus-a-i: cp. AVERY 238; DELBRÜCK, Verbum p. 181³; NEISSER, BB. 27,262-280; OLDENBERG, ZDMG. 55, 39-. 4 With irregular accent and weak root (VII. 18) for *indhate, beside inádhate formed from Vidh- according to the infixing nasal class. 5 This is also irregularly the case in six or seven forms of the 2. pl., before both -ta and -tana: éta, neta, stota; étana, bravītana, sotana, hantana. 6 In duhám, vidām (AV.), śayim (AV.) duhrum (AV.), duhratām (AV.). 7 For *jha-hi, from han- 'slay': see 32, 2 c, and cp. v. NEGELEIN, Zur Sprachgeschichte 8². 8 Metrically shortened for vihi, from V/vi..