Page:Vedic Grammar.djvu/316

 I. ALLGEMEINES UND SPRACHE. 4. VEDIC GRAMMAR. d. With -yant, expressing the quantitative meaning of 'much', derivatives are formed from i- and ki-: i-yant- 'so much' (n. N. sing. iyat, pl. iyanti; f. D. sing. iyatyai); ki-yant- 'how much?' (sing. N. n. adv. kiyat, D. m. kiyate, L. kiyati for kiyati; N. f. kiyati). e. With -vant are formed derivatives from personal pronouns with the sense of 'like', 'attached to', and from others in the quantitative sense of great'; thus tvá-vant- 'like thee', má-vant- 'like me'; yuvá-vant- (RV.) 'devoted to you two' (only D. yuvávate); yuşmá-vant- (RV.) 'belonging to you' (only L. pl. yuşmávatsu); etá-vant- and tắ-vant- 'so great'; ya-vant- 'as great'; ivant so great' (sing. N. n. ívat, D. m. n. ívate, G. ívatas; pl. A. m. ivatas); kí-vant- 'how far?' (G. kívatas). f. With -drs, -dṛśa, -drksa are formed the following pronominal com- pounds: i-diksa- (VS.) and ī-dýš- (VS. TS.) 'such'; eta-dikṣa- (VS.) and etā- dis 'such' (N. sing. n. etadŕk); ki-dýs 'what like?' (N. sing. m. kīdŕň); ta-drs such' (N. sing. m. ta-dk); ya-drs 'what like' (sing. m. N. yadýk, L. yādiśmin). 306 9. Pronominal Adjectives. 403. Certain adjectives derived from pronominal roots or allied to pronouns in sense conform in varying degrees to the pronominal declension. 1. The adjectives which strictly adhere to the pronominal type of inflexion are anyá- 'other', and (as far as can be judged by the few forms occurring and by the usage of the later language) the derivatives formed with -tara and -tama from ká- and yá-. The specifically pronominal cases of the latter which have been met with are: sing. N. n. katarád (ẠV.), yatarád; katamád, yatamád (AV.); D. m. katamásmai (VS.); G. f. katamásyās (AV.); L. f. yatamásyām (AV.); Pl. N. m. katamé (AV.), yatamé (AV.). No such form of itara- has been found. The forms of anyá- which occur are: m. sing. N. anyás. A. anyám. I. anyéna. D. anyásmai (AV.). G. anyásya. L. anyásmin. Pl. N. anyé. A. anyán. I. anyébhis and anyáis. D. anyébhyas (AV.). G. anyéṣām. L. anyéşu. f. sing. N. anyá. A. anyám. I. anyáyā. D. anyásyai. G. anyásyās. L. anyásyām. - Du. N. anyé. - Pl. N. anyás. A. anyás. I. anyábhis. G. anyásām. L. anyásu. - n. sing. N. anyád. - Du. I. anyábhyam (AV.). · Pl. N. anyá. - 2. The three adjectives éka- 'one', visva- 'all', sárva- ‘whole' are par- tially pronominial, following this declension except in the nom. acc. sing. neut., which takes the nominal -m. Thus sing. G. f. ékasyās, L. m. ékasmin¹, pl. N. m. éke, but sing. N. n. ékam; sing. D. víśvasmai², Ab. víśvasmāt”, L. víśvasmin², pl. N. m. víśve, G. m. víśveṣām, f. víšvāsām, but sing. N. n. víśvam; sing. D. m. sárvasmai (AV.), f. sárvasyai (AV.; AA. III. 25), Ab. m. sárvasmat, pl. N. m. sárve, G. sárveșām (AV.), f. sárvāsām (AV.), but sing. N. n. sárvam. 3. More than a dozen other adjectives which have pronominal affinities in form or sense occasionally show pronominal case-forms (but never -d in the N. A. sing. n.). a. A few adjectives formed with the comparative and superlative suffixes -ra and -ma have such endings; thus ápara- 'lower' has ápare in the N. pl m. beside aparāsas; úttara- 'higher', 'later', forms the L. sing. f. úttarasyām The AV. once has éke as a loc. sing. ; see WHITNEY's note on AV. XIX. 56² in his translation. 2 The RV. has the nominal forms D. víśvāya, Ab. višvāt, L. viive, once each; víśvāt (n.) also occurs Kh. II. 6¹8.