Page:Vedic Grammar.djvu/315

 VI. DECLENSION. PRONOUNS. PRONOMINALS. 7. Possessive Pronouns. 401. Possessive pronouns are of rare occurrence because the genitive of the personal pronoun is generally used to express the sense which they convey. 3°5 a. The possessives of the first person are mámaka- (RV.) 'my', māmaká- 'my', (both formed from the genitive of the personal pronoun máma)', and asmáka- 'our'. The commonest form of the latter is the N. A. neut. asmákam, which is used as the gen. plur. of the personal pronoun. The other forms occurring are asmákena, asmákasas, and asmákebhis. The VS. also has the form āsmākás (IV. 24) 'our' from a secondary derivative 3. b. The possessives of the second person are tavaká- (RV.) 'thy', (from táva), met with only in the form tavakébhyas; tvá-4 (RV.) 'thy', found only in the inst. pl. tvábhis (II. 20²); and yusmáka- 'your', the N. A. neut. of which is used as the gen. pl. of the personal pronoun of the second person; it otherwise occurs only in the RV. in the two forms yuşmákena and yuşmákābhis. c. Besides being used reflexively, svá- is fairly often employed as a simple possessive, generally as that of the third person, 'his', 'her', 'their', but also of the second, 'thy', 'your', and of the first, 'my', 'our'. It is, however, inflected like an ordinary adjective, having only two isolated forms according to the pronominal declension 5. The forms which occur are: m. sing. N. svás. A. svám. I. svéna and svénā6 D. sváya. Ab. svát. G. svásya. L. své and svásmin (RV.). - Pl. N. svás (AV.). A. sván (AV.). I. svébhis and sváis. D. svébhyas (Kh. v. 1²). G. svánām (AV.; Kh. II. 10¹). L. svesu. — f. sing. N. svá. A. svám. I. sváyā. D. sváyai. Ab. sváyās. G. svásyās (RV.). L. sváyām. - Pl. N. svás. A. svás. I. svábhis. L. svásu. n. sing. N. A. svám. - Pl. A. svá. 8. Pronominal derivatives and compounds. 402. A certain number of derivatives are formed from the roots or stems of simple pronouns by means of suffixes which modify the pronominal There are also a few pronominal compounds. sense. a. With the suffix -ka, conveying a diminutive or contemptuous meaning, derivatives are formed from the pronouns tá-, yá-, sá-, and asáu; thus ta-ká- (RV.) 'that little', of which the forms A. sing. m. taká-m and n. taká-d occur; yá-ka- 'who', 'which', the only forms met with being N. m. yakás, f. yaká (VS. XXIII. 22, 23), and N. pl. m. yaké (RV.); sa-ká- (RV. AV.) 'that little', of which only N. sing. f. saká occurs; N. sing. f. asakáu 'that little' (VS. XXIII, 22, 23). 1 Cp. BRUGMANN, KG. 524, 2, 2 Op. cit. 524, 4. 3 Formed like mamaká- beside mámaka-. 4 Used as a possessive probably under Indo-arische Philologie. I. 4. b. With the comparative suffix -tara derivatives are formed from i-, ká-, and yá-; and with the superlative suffix -tama, from the latter two; thus i-tara- 'other'; ka-tará- 'which of two?'; ya-tará- ‘who or which of two’; ka-tamá- 'who or which of many?', ya-tamá- 'who or which of many'. c. With -ti derivatives with a numerical sense are formed from ká-, tá-, and yá-; thus ká-ti 'how many?', tá-ti (AV.) ‘so many'; yá-ti 'as many'. No inflected forms of these words occur. the influence of svá-; cp. BRUGMANN, op. cit. 524, 2. 5 That is, svásyās and svásmin. 6 The Pada text always reads svina. 20