Page:Vedic Grammar.djvu/307

 t VI. DECLENSION. NOUNS. VOWEL STEMS. pústi-gau N. of a man, putá-kratau N. of a man, puráu, mánau and maníu¹, yadau N. of a man, śrústi-gau N. of a man, síndhau, sétau 'bond', svárau ² 'sacrificial post'. f. This case is made in one way only, like the second form of the m. The only example in the RV. is sindhau; the AV. has súrau 3 and sitau 'birth'. n. This case is formed in three ways. I. With the ending - added to the gunated stem only in sắnavi, which occurs 9 times. When the adjective á‹ya- or avyiya- 'made of sheep's wool' immediately follows, the L. of this word appears as sáno. The Pada here always has sinau, but as the metre requires a short syllable it seems likely that the ending has been dropped to avoid a disagreeable sequence of syllables in sánavy áuye, but without leaving the lengthened form of the stem (sánāv) because of the metre. A parallel form appears to be vásto in the formula vásta usrás ‘at break of dawn', which occurs 5 times in the RV.4.-2. As in the m., the usual form is that in -au formed from 8 stems: a-rajjáu 'not consisting of ropes', uráu, ghisau 'lively', prtháu, mádhau, vásau, viláu 'stronghold', sánau. - 3. Accord- ing to the n- declension: áyuni, dáruni (AV.), drůni (Kh. 1. 5 ¹0), sánuni 5. V. m. This case, which gunates the final vowel, is formed from 58 stems. The commonest examples are: indo (144), vaso (62), śata-krato (47) 'having a hundred powers', vayo (43), sūno (36), su-krato (22)6. f. This case which has the same form as the m., is made from 6 stems: adri-sāno 'dwelling on mountain tops', dur-hano ‘ugly-jawed', prthu-sto 'having a broad tuft of hair', sindho, su-biho 'having strong arms', sva-bhano 'self- luminous'. n. The V. n. seems to have been identical in form with the N. judging by the only example which occurs: guggulu7 (AV. xix. 38²). Du. N. A. V. m. This form, which is made by lengthening the final vowel, occurs from 69 stems. The commonest examples are: indra-väyú (22) 'Indra and Vayu', vajini-vasü (21) 'rich in swift mares', bahú (20) 'arms', výsan-vasú (18) 'possessing great wealth', indrā-víṣṇu (13) 'Indra and Vişnu'. The TS. has also ágna-visnū (1. 8. 22¹) ‘O Agni and Vișnu'. There are besides two forms in which the final vowel is shortened 8: jigatnú (vII. 65¹) 'speeding' and su-hántu (VII. 19¹)9 'easy to slay'. f. This form is made in the same way as the m. but is much rarer, occurring from 5 stems only: jigatni, dhenú, sá-bandhu 'akin', samāná- bandhu 'having the same kin', hánữ. 297 n. This form adds the regular ending -ī. The only example in the RV. is urv-í. The VS. has according to the n- declension jánu-n-ī (xx. 8) ‘knees'. I. m. amśúbhyām (VS. vII. 1), an-āmayitnúbhyām 'curative', nṛ-bāhúbhyām 'man's arms', bahúbhyānı. - f. hánubhyam (VS. XI. 78)". D. m. indra-vāyúbhyām (VS. vII. 8), indrā-viṣṇubhyām (VS. VII. 23), bāhúbhyam. i Accented manáu only when followed by ádhi. 2 A possible m. L. with n would be rájjuni, an emendation for rajani of the Mss. (AV. xx. 1333). For the reading of AV. xx. 131¹² vaniştháu the Mss. have vanisha which, if correct, would be a unique example of - in the L. of the u- declension. 5 sanavi occurs 9 times, sáno (ávye) 8 times, sắnau 10 times, sanuni once. 6 The V. vibhavaso in Kh, 11, 82 is wrongly accented. 7 The Mss. read guggulu or gugguló. See WHITNEY's note on the passage. 8 In both Samhitã and Pada text. 9 The RV. three times has the curious bahu apparently from 3 Emendation for sárau of the Mss.; see | A, m. du, būhávā WHITNEY's note on AV. V. 25¹. a stem bāháva-. 4 See KAEGI, Festgruss an Böhtlingk 48 f. = 10 hánubhyām, a transition to the - stems, in TS. IV. 1. 10²; VII. 3. 16¹.