Page:Vedic Grammar.djvu/301

 VI. DECLENSION. NOUNS. VOWEL STEMS. retain the accent on that syllable throughout their inflexion, In this respect they agree with the B group of the radical - declension and differ from the ordinary derivative - declension, c. Transition forms. There is an incipient tendency here to be affected by the analogy of the derivative i-stems. The only certain example in the RV. is the L. śvašruám (x. 8546) for *vairúi; the I. dravitnud is perhaps another instance. But the AV, has at least 10 such forms: A, kuhúm, tanúm, vadhúm; D. agrúvai, vadhvái, śvašruái; Ab. punar-bhúvās; G. urvāruása 'gourd', prdakuás, svaśruás; L. tanúam. The VS, has A. pumścalúm, D. tanvài, G. tanvás. Inflexion. 385. In the L. sing. the -i may be dropped in the RV. In the later Samhitās - sometimes appears in the A. for -am, and -ai, -ās, -am are occasionally taken as the endings of the D. G. L. respectively. The ending -ām appears once in the RV. also. The forms actually occurring, if made from tanú- f. 'body', would be as follows: Sing. N. tanús. A. tanúam. I. tanúa. D. tanúe. Ab. tanúas. G. tanúas. L. tanúi and tanú. V. tánu. Du. N. A. tanúa. D. tanúbhyam. L. tanios. Pl. N. tanúas. A. tanúas. I. tanúbhis. D. tanúbhyas. G. tanúnām. L. tanúsu. The forms actually occurring are: Sing. N. m. praśús, á-tapta-tanūs, sárva-tanus (AV.). f. asita-jnús (AV.), kuhús (TS. AV.), kyámbūs³ (AV.), guggulús (AV.), gungús, jatús (VS.), tanús, dhanús (AV.), nrtús, patayalús (AV.), prdakús (AV.), phalgús (VS. XXIV. 4), madhús (AV.), vadhús, sundhyús, svaśrús, saranyús. A. m. kṛkadāśiamª. f. carişniam, jighatsuam (AV.), tanam 5, pṛdākůam6 (AV.), vadhúam, su-drúam¹; avasyúvam, dur-haṇāyúvam, deva- yúvam (VS. I. 12), makhasyúvam, vacasyúvam, sundhyúvam, su-drúvam (SV.). With ending -m for -am: kuhim (TS. AV.), tanúm (TS. AV.), pums- calúm (VS. xxx. 5), vadhúm (AV.; Kh. Iv. 5¹). I. f. tanúa³, vadhúa; duvasyúvā. - D. f. tanúe?. With ending -ai: agrůvai (AV.), tanvài (VS. xxIII. 44), babhrvái (VS. xx. 28), vadhvái™ (AV.), śvaśruái (AV.). Ab. f. kadrivas; tanúas. — - 291 G. f. agrúvas, sundhyúvas; tanúas, vadhúas. With ending -ās: tanvas (VS. III. 17), prdäkuás (AV.), śvaśruás (AV.). L. f. camii, tani ¹2. Without ending: camú ¹3, tanú 14. ending -am: svaśruám; tanvầm ¹5 (AV.), tanúvām ¹6 (TS. 1. 7. 12²). V. f. bábhru, vádhu. 2 See LANMAN 411¹. 3 The TA. has the normal accentuation kyambi-; the corresponding stem in the RV. is kiyámbu- n. 4 That the word is m, is probable because sárvam seems to agree with it (1. 297). The A. m. ábhiruam 'fearless' is a transfer from the declension. - 5 The AV. has tanvàm once, tanúam 16 times, The TS. regularly has tanúvam (1.8. 10², etc.). 6 The Mss. all read prdākvám; see WHITNEY's note on AV. x. 4¹7. I Because the accent is shifted to the times. The TS. has tanúvā (1. I. 10² etc.) ending as in the derivative - declension; In RV. x. 24¹ camú is once perhaps a con- cp. LANMAN 404. tracted I.; see LANMAN 409 (top). 9 The AV. has tanúe 6 times, tanvè 7 times. The TS. has tanúve, 10 The AV, has vadhvái and vadhuái once each. 11 The AV. has tanúas 10 times, tanvàs 4 times. The TS. has tanúvas. 12 Three or four times tanúi, metrically lengthened (the Pada has i); cp. LANMAN 411 (bottom). The TS. (IV.3.13¹) has tanúvi. 13 camú occurs 6 times, camúi once. 14 tanú occurs once, tanúi 3 times. 15 This should doubtless be read tanvắm; see LANMAN 412. 16 This form in TS. IV. 2. 63 is a variant for the G. sing, tanvàs of RV. x. 97¹⁰. 19* 7 As an adj. in VII. 3220, 'made of good wood'; as a subst, in x, 288 'good beam'. 8 The AV. has tanúã 4 times, tanva 5 With