Page:Vedic Grammar.djvu/300

 1. ALLGEMEINES UND SPRACHE. 4. VEDIC GRAMMAR. ghrta-snúvas, mayo-bhuvas, sanā-júvas; pra-súas, raja-súas (VS. x. 1) 'king- creating', vi-bhúas¹. I. m. ā-bhubhis. f. juhibhis 'tongues' and 'spoons'; sva-púbhis. G. m. jóguvām; yātu-júnām. f. bhuvām² (VS. xxxvII. 18); pūrva- súnām. L. m. ā-bhúṣu, puru-bhúsu 'appearing to many'. f. pra-súşu. 5. b. Derivative ū- stems. LANMAN, Noun-Inflection 400-419. 362-364. 384. This declension is almost entirely restricted to f3 stems, which (like the derivative or B group of the radical - declension) accent the final vowel and in inflexion are practically identical with the radical stems. The f. stems which it comprises may be divided into two groups. The first contains about 18 oxytone f. substantives corresponding in several instances to m. or n. stems in - accented on the first syllable: a-grú- (m. á-gru-) 'maid', kadri- (m. kádru- 'brown') 'Soma vessel', kuhú- (AV.) 'new moon', gugguli (n. gúggulu-) (AV.) N. of an Apsaras, gungi N. of a goddess, cami- 'bowl', jatú- (n. jatu-) (AV. VS.) 'bať', tanú- 'body', dhanú- (dhánu-) ‘sandbank' (AV.), nabhanú- ‘well', nytú- 'dancer', prdāků- (m. pŕdūku-) ‘serpent (AV.), prajanú- (AV.) ‘organ of generation', vadhú- ‘bride', śvaśrú- (m. śváśura-) 'mother-in-law', saranyi N. of a goddess; also kyámbu-4 (n. kiyámbu-) an aquatic plant (AV.). The second group comprises oxytone f. adjectives corresponding to m. oxytones: amhoyi- 'troublesome', aghãyú- malicious', apasyi- 'active', abhi-dipsi- 'wishing to deceive', avasyú- 'desiring favour', asita-jñú- (AV.) ‘black-kneed', ãyú- 'active', udanyú- 'seeking water', caranyú- 'movable', carisnú- 'moving', jighatsú- ‘hungry', tanú- 'thin', didhisú- 'wishing to gain', dur-haṇāyá- ‘meditating harm', duvasyú- 'worshipping', devayú- (VS.) 'devoted to the gods', dravitni- 'speeding', patayālu- 'flying', panasy- 'glorious', parayisní- 'victorious', prtanayú- 'hostile', prsanayú- 'tender', phalgú- 'reddish', babhrú- 'reddish brown', bibhatsi 'loathing', makhasyú- 'cheerful', madhu-5 'sweet', mandrayú- 'gladdening', mahiyú- 'joyous', mumuksú- 'wishing to free', vacasyú- eloquent', vi-panyú- 'admiring', sundhyu 'radiant, sanayú- 'wishing for gain', sūdayitnú 'yielding sweetness'; also su-dr- 'having good wood' (dru-). 290 — P - WHITNEY, Sanskrit Grammar 355-359, a. Vocalic pronunciation. Before vowels the - has almost invariably a vocalic value in pronunciation. It is written as uv in the substantives agri- and kadri-, and in adjectives when the - is preceded by y, also in bībhatsi-7. Otherwise though always written as it is (except four or five times at the most in the RV.) 8, here also to be pronounced as a vowel. Hence the forms written in the Samhita with simple zare given below with ú. b. Accentuation. The derivative -stems not only accent the final syllable but ¹ VS. xxIv. 25 has the form sīcā-pús a kind | of bird. 2 In the V. víśvāsām bhuvām pate. 3 There are only five m. forms: N. prāšús 'guest', átapla-tanūs 'whose body is not cooked', sárva-tanus (AV.) ose body is entire'; A. krka-dāśúam a kind of demon; I. pl. makşübhis 'swift'. 4 This is the only f. stem in this declen- sion not accented on the final vowel; but TA. VI. 4¹ has the normally accented kyambú-. tanú-. 5 The corresponding m. in this instance is not oxytone, mádhu-. 6 Also as a substantive f 'good beam'. BR. and pw. however regard su-drúam as A. of a m. substantive su-drú- 'starkes Holz', 7 This is the regular practice in the TS. even when a single consonant precedes the -, e. g. tanúv-am; cp. IS. 13, 105 f. 8 tanvàs 3 times, camvòs once, tanvàm perhaps once; cp. LANMAN 408 (top). 9 Except the f. kyambu- (AV.) and the two m. Bahuvrihis átapta-tanu- and sárva-