Page:Vedic Grammar.djvu/294

 284 the forest', salmaláu 'silk-cotton tree', sánitau 'attainment', samvaranau 'des- cendant of Samvarana', syúma-raśmau N. of a man, svádhitau. The AV. also forms the L. in -au from at least 16 stems; among them appears the uncompounded pátau (AV. III. 183) 'husband' as a variant for jáne in the corresponding passage of the RV. (x. 145¹). The TS. has áhau (v. 6. 1² AV. III. 13¹). I I. ALLGEMEINES UND SPRACHE. 4. VEDIC GRAMMAR. f. I. The form in -ā is made from 21 stems in the RV.: avána 'river- beď, āja, úditā 'sunrise', kṣétra-sātā acquisition of land', gó-ṣātā 'winning of cows', toká-sātā 'attainment of offspring', devá-tātā 'worship of the gods', dyumná-sātā 'obtainment of strength', nábhā, nŕ-ṣātā 'capture of men', nemá- dhita 'conflict', pītá, prá-bhṛtā ‘offering', medhá-sata 'receiving the oblation', yama-hūtā invocation by prayer', súra-sata 'battle', sám-rta, sarvá-tātā 'perfect prosperity', sātá², srutá, svàr-ṣātā ‘attainment of heaven'. The AV. has nábhā (vII. 62¹); and the SV. reads śámtātā 'beneficent', as a variant for samtāti of RV. VIII. 187. The TS. and VS. have no independent L. f. in -ā. 2. The form in -au is more than twice as frequent, being made from 49 stems in the RV. The commonest examples are sātáu (17), vája-sātau (16), vyùṣṭau (16) 'flush of dawn', abhistau (10) 'help', su-matáu (14), gávistau (7) 'fight', istáu (6), rātáu (5), pūrvá-hūtau 3 (5) 'first invocation'. The AV. makes this form from 7 stems in independent passages. The TS. has úditau (1.8.12³), pūrvá-cittau (IV.2.10²) 'first thought'; the VS. ratha-nabháu (xXXIV. 5) 'chariot nave', rátrau (xxIII. 4) 'night'; and Kh. I. 114 sura-sātau. a. There are 5 locatives f. formed according to the derivative - declension with the ending -ām: piramdhyām, bhúmyām, bhṛtyám, yuvatyám, sám-gatyām 'assembly'. The AV. has 9 more: ávyam, ákutyám, clttyām, devá-hutyam, prstyám 'rib', bhutyam, yónyam, védyām (+ VS. xxvII. 12), sámityām 'assembly'. The VS. has sanyám (VIII, 54). xXVIII. 1 b. The locative védî4 occurring twice (VI. 11⁰; II. 34) is the only one formed from an istem with the normal ending - (— védi-i). The form pránītī may also possibly be a L. in III. 517. L. n. The only form in -a is a-pratá (vIII. 32¹6) 'without recompense' (used adverbially), and the only one in -au is saptá-raśmau (AV. Ix. 5¹5) 'seven-rayed'. V. This case regularly gunates the final vowel in the m. and f. It is very frequent in the m., being formed from 72 stems and occurring over 1100 times in the RV. In the f. it is not common, being formed from only 11 stems and occurring only 27 times in the RV. m. The commonest examples are: ágnes (799), pate (35), bŕhas-pate³ (32), kave (26), brahmaṇas-pate (17), vanas-pate (14), āghṛne (13) 'glowing', sat- pate (13) 'lord of the seat', sakhe (11)7. In Kh. 1. 57 the anomalously formed compound bhuvanas-pate8 'lord of the world' occurs; in the VS. anghāre (Iv. 27) a guardian of Soma, drte (xxxvI. 18) 'bag', drápe (XVI. 47) 'causing to run', bámbhāre (IV. 27) a guardian deity of Soma, bhuvas-pate (1v. 34) 'lord of the earth', sáteşudhe (xvI. 13) ‘hundred-quivered', sapte (XXIX.2) 'steed'. d. The V. sobhare is a transfer from the declension; and the compounds pavaka-foce, bhadra-soce, sukra-soce are transfers from the -is declension, doubtless meant to avoid the unusual form -socis in the V. 1 The RV. has only the form pátyau | 'husband'. 2 For this form in VI. 461 the SV. and VS. have the variant sātáu. 3 This form occurs also in AV. v. 1¹. 4 Cp. RPr. I 28; II. 35- 5 Written with Pluti VS. VIII. 10: ágnásí. Once (1x. 80¹) with double accent byhas- páte. 7 In mahe-male 'O great-souled' (Indra), the first member is anomalously gunated as well as the second; cp. mahe-nadi 'O great stream'. 8 Formed like vanas-pate.