Page:Vedic Grammar.djvu/293

 VI. DECLENSION. NOUNS. VOWEL STEMS. 283 occurs once. Elsewhere are found: jamád-agnes (VS. III. 62; Kh. v. 36), prajapates (TS. III. 1. 4'; Kh. III. 15¹3), yayés¹ (Kh. 1. 10²). a. The two stems ari- and ávi- 'sheep' do not take Guna, and add the normal ending -as: aryás2 which occurs nearly 40 times, and ávyas which curs nearly 20 times. The stem páti-, when meaning hushand', and sakhi- do not take Guņa either, but add the anomalous ending -ur: pátyur, sákhyur 3. f. This case, identical in form with the m., is made from 11 stems in the RV.: ádites, abhi-sastes, ámates, istés, krstés 'tillage', devá-vītes, nirrtes, pustés, prines, vrstés, vratátes 'creeper'. This form is also made by at least 8 stems in the AV. a. Six stems in the RV. form genitives according to the derivative - declension, occurring 17 times altogether: ánu-matyās, árāṭyās, nirṛtyās, pŕšnyās, bhúmyās, yuvatyás. the AV. such forms are made from at least 16 stems and occur over 50 times : jamyás ‘akin' etc. One of these, ádityās, occurs also in the TS. (1. 6. 5¹) and VS. (1. 11). In n. The only example is bhúres, which occurs 16 times. L. This case in all genders ends very anomalously in - or -au- The latter. ending occurs more than twice as often as the former in the RV. (272 times to 126), while in the N. A. dual -a is nearly 7 times as frequent as -au (1145 times to 171). The general conditions under which the parallel L. forms - and -au occur5 are the same as apply to the dual -ā and -au: -ñ appears before consonants, -au (as -āv) before vowels, e. g. vír yónā vasatáv iva (IX. 62¹5) ‘a bird in the receptacle as in a nest'. But while the dual -ā is the regular form at the end of a Pāda, the L. -au is almost exclusively found in that position. As in the dual N. A. and the perfect sing. I and 3, the a-form is doubtless the earlier. It is most pro- bably derived from a locative form with Guņa (like the D. Ab. G. V. sing.), e. g. *agnáy-i, which dropped the ending (like some other locatives), *agniy then losing its y7 before consonants and lengthening its -a: agná. The later form agnáu must have been due to the influence of the u- stems, the inflexion of which is closely parallel to that of the i- stems, through the Sandhi form - which is common to both 8. m. I. The form is made from 7 stems and occurs 40 times in the RV.: agná, ajá 'contest', urmá, kukṣá 'belly', ghŕṇā, yónā, su-rabhá ⁹ 'fragrant'. The AV. TS. VS. have no -a form in independent passages, but Kh. III. 15 19 has agná. 2. The form in -au is taken by 27 stems in the RV.: agnáu, ádrau, aratáu ¹⁰ manager', aratnáu 'elbow', ājáu, āṇáu 'pin of the axle', urmáu, gábhastau 'hand', giráu, gó-patau 'lord', jiráu" 'stream', trksáu N. of a prince, dhvasánau 'sprinkler', námucau N. of a demon, nipatithau N. of a man, pandu, prt-sutáu 'hostile attack', médhyatithau N. of a seer, yajñá-patau 'lord of sacrifice', yónau, ráthavītau N. of a man, vánas-pátau ¹² lord of 12 Emendation for yayáis. 2 Once or twice to be pronounced ariás. 3 Cp. WACKERNAGEL, KZ. 25, 289 f. 8 Cp. MERINGER, BB. 16, 224. 9 LANMAN 3882, suggests the possibility of restoring ajáyi in I. 11210 and yonayi in x. 466. The n. L. a-pratá is used adverbially 4 Cp. LANMAN 514. = 5 See LANMAN 385 ff.; and cp. for the 'without recompense' (VIII. 32¹6); cp. BAR- dual 340 ff. and 574-576. 6 The L. - appears only 5 times at the end of a Päda, and then only in the two forms devátātā and sárvatātā. 1 7 Cp. the N. sákhā for *sákhay. The old L. may be preserved in feminines like agnay-i 'she who is beside Agni'; cp. IF. 12, 3. THOLOMAE, IF. 9, 255 f. 10 BR. would read aratnáu. ¹1īri may be f. as there is nothing to show the gender of the word. 12 The form vánaspátau occurs in Kh. II. 105 also.