Page:Vedic Grammar.djvu/292

 I. ALLGEMEINES UND SPRACHE. 4. VEDIC GRAMMAR. (VS. VII. 30) 'Lord of distress', bhuvana-pataye (VS. 11. 2) 'Lord of the world', bhuva-fataye (VS. 11. 6) 'Lord of the atmosphere', vacás-pátaye (VS. vII. 1) 'Lord of speech', samveśá-pataye VS. 11. 20) 'Lord of rest'; also in the expressions kşétrasya pátaye (AV.) 'Lord of the Field' and (bhūtásya pataye (AV.) ‘Lord of the world', which are virtually compounds ¹; similarly diśám pataye (VS. XVI. 17); but fátye 3 viśvasya bhumanas (VS. XVII. 78) Lord of all the earth'. 282 f. This form is made like the m.; e. g. iştáy-e. It is very frequent, being formed from 50 stems and occurring over 500 times in the RV. The commonest examples are: utáye (88), pitaye (67), sóma-pitaye (49) 'draught of Soma', vája-sataye (34) 'winning of booty', sataye (34) 'acquisition', vitaye (31), devá-vitaye (22) 'feast for the gods', istaye (20) 'impulse'4. a. The form ūti is frequently used as a dative, similarly án-ūtī ‘no help' once and vīti twice. svasti occasionally has this value at the end of a Pada and when it alter- nates with svastáye in v. 51¹2, ¹3, but it may be intended for an adverb 5. b. In the RV. seven stems in -i (all but 2 of which occur in Maṇḍala x), follow the analogy of derivative i stems and take the ending -ai: turyái 'victory', devá- hutyai 'invocation of the gods', nirrtyai 'dissolution', pustyái, bhujyái 'favour', bhrtyái 'support', śrútyai 'hlessing'. The AV. forms such datives from at least 11 stems; the TS. has a-samartyai (III. 3. 8²) 'non-injury', dur-iştyai (III. 2. 8³) 'failure in sacrifice', śáktya (1v. I. 1¹); the VS. has nearly 40: á-ksityai (v1. 28) 'imperishableness', ádityai (1. 30) 'Aditi', anu-matyai (XXIV. 32) 'assent', á-bhittyai (xI. 64) 'not hursting', abhí-śastyai (11. 5), á-bhutyai (xxx. 17) 'wretchedness', á-raddhyai (xxx. 9) ‘mischance', á-riştyai (11. 3) safety', áva-rtyai (xxx. 12) 'distress', á-hantyai (xvI. 18) 'non-killing', akutyai (v. 7), ártyai (xXx.9.17) "trouble', utkrantyai (xv.9) 'upstriding?, étyai (XXVII. 45) ‘arrival', krsyár (IX. 22) 'tillage', dur-istyai (11. 20), dhrajyai (VI. 18), nabhyai (XXXIX. 2), niskrtyai (xXx. 9) atonement', paniktyái (XIII. 58), práti-sthityai (xv. 10) 'firm footing', prá-sityai6 (11. 20 'attack', práyas-cittyai (XXXIX. 12) 'expiation', prétyai (xXVII. 45), bhútyai (XII. 65), bhúmya (XXIV. 26), matyái (xxIv. 39), mahyái (XXII. 20), rayyái (IX. 22), viviktyai (xxx. 13) 'separa- tion', výstyai (XVIII. 28), védyai (XIX. 16) ‘altar', vystyai (xxII. 34) 'dawn', vyrddhyai (xxx. 17) 'failure', sántyai (111. 43) 'quiet', su-ksityái (XXXVII. 1o) 'secure dwelling', hetyái (XVI. 18) 'missile'. n. The only form which seems to occur is súcaye. Ab. m. The stem takes Guņa, to which -s only, instead of -as, is added; e. g. ádres. It is not common, being formed from only 8 or 9 stems in the RV.: agnés (TS. IV. 2. 104; Kh. Iv. 65), áhes, udadhés 'water-receptacle', girés ‘mountain', ghŕnes 'heat', tíraści-rājes (AV.) 'striped across', parna-dhés (AV.) 'feather-holder', prajapates (TS. Iv. 1. 114), plāšés (AV.) 'intestine', yónes, vrsá-kapes 'man-ape', śatá-m-utes' 'granting a hundred aids', sám-ṛtes 'conflict'. f. This form is made in the same way as in the m. from 11 stems in the RV.: ádites, ápītes 'entering (iti-) into (api)', abhi-sastes, abhi-hrutes ‘injury', ámates ‘indigence', árates, áhutes (AV.), dhasés ‘abode', dhūrtés ‘injury', nýtes³ (AV.), pári-sutes oppression', bhúmes (AV.), vasatés, srutés 'course'. a. The RV. has three forms according to the derivative - declension: nábhyas (X. 90¹4), bhumyas (1.80), hetyás (x.8719). Besides these the AV. has: á bhutyas, á-ratyās, á-fastyas imprecation', ahutyas, hrsyás, deva-hetyás 'divine weapon', sirşaktyás headache'; probably also yonyās in yónyeva (VI. 1214) for yónyā iva. G. m. The regular form of this case is identical with that of the Ab., but is much more frequent, being made from 42 stems in the RV. The commonest examples are: agnés (55), vés (14), ádres (10), paņés (8), bŕhas-pátes (6), sūrés (5) 'patron', átres (4), kavés (4), dhāsés (4) ‘draught', bhúres (4); pátes ‘lord' ¹ Equivalent to kşetra-pati- (K.) and bhūta- páti- (AV.). 2 And a number of other epithets in VS. XVI. 17-23. 6 Used in the sense of the ablative with pāhi 'protect from'. 7 Cp. RICHTER, IF. 9, 5. 8 This form nytes is probably an error 3 pátye otherwise means 'husband'. 4 LANMAN 382 enumerates the stems which | vi. 183. take this dative. 5 Cp. LANMAN 383 (top). for drtes 'skin'; see WHITNEY's note on AV.