Page:Vedic Grammar.djvu/291

 VI. DECLENSION. NOUNS. VOWEL STEMS. VIII. 15; TS. I. 4. 44¹); (b) otherwise accented: abhi-śastyā (AV.) 'curse', árāṭyā (AV.)ʻmalignity', ávartyā ‘distress', aśánya 'thunderbolt, ákūtyā ‘purpose', ábhūtyā ‘ability', istya 'sacrifice', jálpyž ‘whispering', tŕptyā (AV.) ‘satisfaction', tvisya 'brilliance', devá-hutya 'invocation of the gods', dhrájyä 'impulse'; nábhyā (VS. xxv. 9), pársnyä 'heel', púramdhyā, pústya (TS. III. 1. 5¹), prá- matyā, bhútyā (AV.) 'growth', bhůmya, rámhya 'speed', rájya 'direction', rúcyā (AV.) 'lustre', vícya 'seduction', śáktyā (VS. XI. 2; TS. IV. I. 5³) 'power', sú-bhūtyä (AV.) 'welfare', sýnya 'sickle', svádhityā (AV.) knife', hársya 'excitement'. 2. A contracted form in -ī is made by 35 stems in the RV. and occurs more than twice as often as the uncontracted -ya. The forms occurring are: d-citti 'thoughtlessness', á-prabhūtī 'little effort', a-vyathi 'sure-footedness', ahutī oblation', utí, rju-nītí ‘right guidance', citti 'understanding', justi 'favour', didhiti 'devotion', du-stutí and dú-ṣṭutī ‘faulty hymn', dhīti² ‘thought', ní-sitī ‘kindling', pári-viṣṭī ‘attendance', pur-jiti 'previous acquisition', prá- nītī ‘guidance', prá-bhūtī ‘violence', prá-yatî 'offering', prá-yutī ‘absence', matí, vartaní ‘felly', vistí 'effort', vīti ‘enjoyment', vrstí, śakti and śáktī, śrusți³ 'willingness', sá-hūtī ‘joint invocation', su-dīti 'bright radiance', sú-nītī 'good guidance', su-matí, sů-mitī ‘being well fixed', su-sastí (Kh.n. 10²) ‘good recitation', su-stuti, hásta-cyuti quick motion of the hand'. Also su-paptani (1. 1825)4 'with swift flight' (in Pada with -i); perhaps also the two forms hetí (vI. 18¹⁰) 'missile' and istī (1. 1804) 'desire', which occurring before - are given by the Pada as hetih 5 and -istiḥ. 281 a. This form is further shortened to - in about a dozen words6 in the RV., occurring altogether some 25 times: işáni 'setting in motion', úpa-śruti 'giving ear to', upábhrti 'bringing near, tri-visti 'thrice' (= adv.), _ni-tikti 'haste', prá-yukti 'impulse', vásat-krti 'exclamation vaşat', sadhá-stuti 'joint praise', su-vykti ‘excellent praise', su-sasti 'good praise', sv-asti, havis-krti 'pre- paration of the oblation'. Perhaps also á-smrti (AV.VII.106¹) 'through forget- fulness'. b. A few forms follow the analogy of the m. in adding -nā: dhāsinā 'abode', nábhinā, prétinā (VS. xv. 6) 'advance'. n. There is no certain instance of a neuter I.: súcina (11.388) is perhaps an example, but it may be taken as a masculine. D. m. The stem regularly takes Guņa before adding the normal ending -e; e. g. fşay-e. This is a form of frequent occurrence, being made from 44 stems in the RV. The commonest examples are: agnáye (48), átraye (12) N. of a seer, sanáye (12), ghŕsvaye (6) 'gladdening', dabhitaye (5) N. of a man 7. From the VS.: bráhmaye 'holy', bhuvantáye (xvI. 19) 'earth-extender' (?), vrsti- vánaye (XXXVIII.6) ‘rain-winning', sandháye (xxx. 9) 'agreement'. a. The only two stems not taking Guna are páti- 'husband' and sákhi-, which make pátye and sákhye8. When compounded páti- 'lord' forms its D. regularly as -pataye; e. g. byhas-pátaye, prajá-pataye (VS. XI. 66) 'Lord of Creatures', amhasas-patáve 1 This form is, except in two instances, written with y before a, but is to be read with hiatus; it coalesces in the written text withi or i, but is not always to be so pro- nounced. 2 This is the only contracted form occur- ring in the independent parts of the AV. 3 The form sadhri (11. 13²) is probably an adverb 'to the same goal' from sádhri- (LINDNER p. 112), or it might be an inst. f. of sadhri (LANMAN 380³). 4 See RPr. VII. 15. 5 Cp. LANMAN 3804. 6 These occur eight times at the end of a line or stanza, four times at the end of an internal Pada before vowels, two or three times within a Pada before vowels. 7 The stems which form this dative are enumerated by LANMAN 382. 8 These words are never pronounced as pátie and sákhie. 9 This is the only compound in the RV. formed with the D, of páti.