Page:Vedic Grammar.djvu/290

 1 I. ALLGEMEINES UND SPRACHE. 4. VEDIC GRAMMAR. N. A. n. This form has no ending. It is made from 37 stems in the RV. The commonest examples are: máhi (84) ‘great', bhúri (47) ‘much', sv-asti (35) 'welfare', hárdi (9) ‘heart'2. From other Samhitas: án-abhiśasti (VS.v. 5) 'blameless', a-mení (VS.XXXVIII. 14) 'not casting', ásthi (AV., VS.) 'bone', a-sthuri (VS. II. 27) 'not single-horsed', ātma-sáni (VS. xix. 48) 'life-winning', éka-nemi (AV.) 'having one felly', krivi (VS.x. 20) 'active' (?), kşatra-váni (VS.1.17) 'devoted to warriors', gāyatrá-vartani (TS. III. 1. 10¹; VS. XI.8) 'moving in Gayatrī measures', dádhi (AV., VS., Kh.III. 16¹) 'sour milk', pasu-sáni (VS. x1x. 48) 'cattle-winning', pŕśni (AV.) 'dappleď, brahma-váni (VS.1. 17) 'devoted to Brahmans', loka-sáni (VS. xix. 48) ‘causing space', vádhri (AV.) ‘emasculated', vári³ (VS. xxI. 61) 'choiceworthy', sajāta-váni (VS. 1. 17) ‘conciliating relations'. A. m. This form is very frequent, being made from 205 stems in the RV. and occurring more then 1200 times. The commonest examples are: agním (269), rayim (180) ‘wealth', yónim (61) 'receptacle', pátim (49) 'lord' or 'hus- band', áhim (40) 'serpent, ádrim (30) 'rock', kavim (28), átithim (25), bŕhaspátim (25), hárim (24), ūrmim (23) ‘wave', púramdhim (8) 'bountiful', yayim (2) '(speeding) cloud', arim4 (2) 'devout's. 280 f. This is a frequent form, being made from 156 stems in the RV. and occurring more than 600 times. It is thus about half as common as the m. The examples occurring oftenest are: su-matím (41), su-ṣṭutím (35) 'excellent praise', vrstim (26) ‘rain', matím (22), rātím (20), bhắmim (19), púramdhim (5), rayim (4) 6. I. m. This case is formed in two ways. I. Five stems in the RV. add the normal ending ā, before which the -i is generally pronounced as y, but half a dozen times as a vowel: pátya 'husband', sákhyā, ūrmyá¹, pavyá 'felly', rayyá³. -2. Owing to the influence of the n-declension 25 stems in the RV. add -nā instead of the normal -ã: agnínā, ánghriņā (VS. 11. 8) 'foot', ádriņā, asinā 'sword', áhina, ūrmíṇā, kavinā, kāśinā ‘fisť', kiki-dīvínā ‘blue jay', jamádagnina N. of a seer, devápina N. of a man, dhäsinā 'draught', panina 'niggarď, pátinā ‘lorď, pápriņā ‘delivering', paridhínā (VS.xvIII. 63; TS.v.7.7²) 'fence', panína (VS.1.16) ‘hand', pŕśninā (Kh.III.157), bŕhas-pátinā, maṇinā ‘gem', yayinā, rayiṇā, raśmínā rein', vádhrină, vavrínā ‘vesture', vastína (VS.xxv. 7) 'bladder', vŕşa-nabhina 'having strong naves', vrsnina 'strong', śúcinā, sásninā 'bountiful'. f. This case is formed in two ways. 1. About 30 stems in the RV. add the normal ending -ā, before which the -i is pronounced as a vowel in about three-fourths of the occurrences of this form, and as y in the rest ⁹. The forms occurring are (a) oxytones: asitya 'eighty', utyá 'aid', kīrtyá ¹⁰ (AV.) ‘fame', pańktyá (VS. XXIII. 33) a metre, pityá ‘draught', pustyá (AV. TS.) prosperity', matyá, mithatyá 'emulation', vasatyá 'abode', vrstyá, sanyá (VS. v. 7; TS. IV. 2. 1²) 'gain', su-kīrtyd 'praise', su-matyá, su-stutyá, svastya (VS. The only i- stem taking -m is the pro-| 7 Pronounced urmia, sometimes also pátiā, nominal ki-m, probably owing to the false|sákhiā. analogy of ká-m. 2 LANMAN 377 enumerates the forms. 3 The Pada text reads vári. According to BR. váry á here stands for váryam á. 4 Also aryám formed like a radical - stem (though differently accented). 5 There are also the transitions from the - declension pŕthim and sobharim. 6 Also the transfers from the i- declension aranyānim, onim, işadhim, rắtrim (AV.), snihitim (SV.). 8 ghiniva (11 336) possibly stands for ghini-iva (Pada i-iva), ghini then possibly being a contracted I. for ghynyā; cp. LANMAN 379 (middle). 9 On the other hand -ya is pronounced 5 times as often as -ia in the AV.; see LANMAN 380. zo All the Mss. but one read kirtyä or kīrtyà; see WHITNEY's note on x. 6²7.