Page:Vedic Grammar.djvu/284

 I. ALLGEMEINES UND SPRACHE. 4. VEDIC GRAMMAR. The forms actually occurring, if made from deví- 'goddess', would be as follows: Sing. N. deví. A. devím. I. devyá. D. devyái. Ab. devyás. G. devyás. L. devyám. V. dévi. Du. N. A. deví, V. dévī. D. Ab. devibhyam. G. L. devyós. Pl. N. devis. A. devis. I. devíbhis. D. devíbhyas. Ab. devíbhyas. G. devinám. L. devísu. V. dévīs. Forms actually occurring are the following: Sing. N. The m. forms are: námí, pŕthí, mátali, rástrí, sóbharī. The f. forms are very common, being made from nearly 300 stems in the RV. Among the most frequent are: prthivi 'earth' (57), deví (48), sárasvatī (43) N. of a goddess, mahí 'great' (35), ucchántī ‘shining’ (16), yatí 'going' (14), jánitrī 'mother' (10), brhati 'great' (10), ghṛtácī 'filled with ghee' (9), maghóni 'bountifuľ' (9), strí¹ 'woman' (3)². The f. is formed from over 100 stems in the RV. 274 A. m. námīm. Among the commonest forms are: pṛthivím (62), mahim³ (35), devím (18), táviṣīm (13), urvím (9) ‘wide', pipyúṣīm4 (9) 'swelling' 5. I. This case is formed with the normal ending -a. The only m. form is námya. But there are about 40 f. forms in the RV. In more than two-thirds of these the suffix is pronounced as a voweló -ià (in oxytones -iá), in the rest as a semivowel -yä (in oxytones -yá). The stem sámi- 'labour' has, beside sámya, the contracted form sámi, which also appears in the compound su-śámī 'with great care'. At the end of a Päda and before vowels this I. sámī is shortened to sámi8. The forms occurring are: 1. ánvya 'subtile', aśvabhidhánya (AV.) ‘halter”, ášvāvatyā 'furnished with horses', ásiknyā⁹ (AV.), kundrṇácyā 'house lizard', kumbhya (TS. III. 2. 84) 'jar', gatu-mátya 'spacious', gayatryá (TS. II.2.48) a metre, ghrtắcya, citántya 'observing', citáyantya 'appearing', jágatya (TS. II. 21. 4³), a metre, tmánya 'by oneself', dávidyutatya 'glittering', devácya 'directed towards the gods', dáivyā (AV.) 'divine', návyasya 'new', pátnya 'wife', mádhu-matyā accompanied by sweetness', róhinyā, vásvyā ‘good', vájavatyā 'rich in treasure', vásya (AV.) 'knife', viśvá-bheṣajyā (AV.) 'all-healing', visvácyā 'universal', višvyā 'everywhere' (adv.), šácyā 'might', śámyā, śarmayántyā 'pro- tecting', Simya 'work', satrácyā 'attentive', samícyā (Kh. III. 105) a goddess, sárasvatyä (AV.), sóma-vatyā ‘accompanied with Soma', stíbhantyā 'praising', hárinya 'yellow', hiraṇyáyā" 'golden'. Oxytones with shift of accent: annādyá (AV.) 'proper food', asiknyá, devyá, purāṇyá ‘ancient', prthivyá, mahya, samanyá 'similar', sadhäranyá 'common', sūcyá 'needle', sautrāmanyá (AV.) a kind of Indra sacrifice. The TS. and VS. also have urvyá as an adverb 'afar', which in the RV. appears only in the modified form urviyá. D. The ending looks like -ai, e. g. devy-ái; but it is doubtless in origin the normal ending -e fused with the suffix -ya, i. e. -yai-ya-e¹². Only 13 forms (all f.) occur in the RV. These are, besides a few others from the later — ——— ¹ Cp. WIEDEMANN, BB. 27, 211, footnote. | 7 This also occurs in the compound 2 In the AV. there are also the transition | urvi-ūtiḥ (VI. 24²), if urvi- the adv. instr. forms á-durmangalī, su-mangali, nadí. In RV. urvyä. 1.1805 ksoni has perhaps dropped its -s owing to the following s. 8 The compound su-śámi also occurs once in the TS. VS. as well as the RV. 3 Perhaps to be read uncontracted as mahiam in x. 505; vẫnīm (11. 118) is also to be read as vāņiam. 4 Perfect participle of pi- 'swell'. 5 There is also the transition form nadim (AV.). 6 The vocalic pronunciation seems to be the commoner in the AV. also; cp. LANMAN 381. - 9 Probably an error for ásiknyās; see WHITNEY on AV. v. 138. 10 For hiraṇyáyyā. 11 Cp. LANMAN 368 (top). 12 An indication of this origin is perhaps to be found in the fact that of the 13 stems in the RV. taking this dative only one, patnyai, has the vocalic pronunciation -iai