Page:Vedic Grammar.djvu/278

 I. ALLGEMEINES UND SPRACHE. 4. VEDIC GRAMMAR. in the RV.; e. g. svásu urvárāsu (x. 50³) for svásürvárāsu. This case is formed from over 50 nominal stems in the RV. The forms occurring are: aghasu 'evil', amŕtasu, ávarāsu 'later', amásu, ártanasu 'uncultivated', ilasu, úparāsu 'neighbouring', urvárasu, usriyāsu, úrmyasu, kanyasu, kästhāsu, krsnásu 'black', grīvásu (TS. Iv. 2. 5³), cittá-garbhasu 'visibly pregnant', citrásu, jagmānusu² 'having gone', jātásu 'born', tugryāsu 'des- cended from Tugra', dúryāsu ‘abodes', devátāsu (TS. 1. 6. 4³), dhísṇyāsu ‘fire- places', dhruvásu unchangeable', návasu, pathyàsu, pádyasu footsteps', pastyasu, pánca-janyasu 'relating to the five tribes', puru-péśasu 'multiform', púrvasu earlier', pŕtanāsu, pradhanyasu ‘forming the spoil', priyásu, mádyāsu 'fond of exhilaration', madhyamasu 'middlemost', manusyasu 'human', mandrásu (TS.Iv. 1.8²), mártyāsu 'mortal', mahināsu ‘mighty', yajñíyāsu ‘devouť, (prá-)- yatāsu 'presented, yóṣaṇāsu, rámyāsu, ropaṇákāsu a kind of bird, vaksánāsu 'bellies', vyddhásu 'great', rrdhasanásu 3 'growing', sayásu 'resting-places', śúskāsu 'dry', syavásu 'nights', śrutásu 'famous', sánayasu 'old', saptá-sivasu 'blessing the seven (worlds)', sirásu 'streams', su-vrjánāsu 'dwelling in fair regions', hávyāsu 'to be invoked'. 268 3. a. Stems in radical -ī. LANMAN, Noun-Inflection 365-4co. WHITNEY, Sanskrit Grammar 348-359. 375. This declension consists primarily of fewer than 50 m. and f. nouns derived from 9 roots. Only four of these words appear as monosyllables, the rest being compounds. The analogy of this primary group (A) is closely followed both in inflexion and accentuation by a second group of about 80 polysyllabic stems which, though formed with derivative -ī, are for the sake of clearness best treated as a division (B) of this declension. The normal endings as they appear in the inflexion of consonant stems are taken throughout this declension. The G. pl., however, with the exception of a single form occurring only once (dhiyám), takes the ending-nām; and the N. sing. always adds -s. Accentuation on the final syllable of the stem is characteristic of this declension; and except in monosyllabic stems the acute remains on that syllable throughout4. Before vowel endings the - is split to -iy in the mono- syllabic nouns; e. g. dhiy-am; this is also the case in compounds formed with these nouns, except -dhi when it is accented, e. g. jana-śriyam, nắnā- dhiyas, but ā-dhiam; in compounds formed with roots it is split only when two consonants precede; e. g. yajña-priyam, but yajña-níam; in the secon- dary group it is split in samudri- and partly in cakrí, e. g. samudriyas and cakriyau, but cakrías. Otherwise the 7 is always written as y, but is in the RV. invariably5 to be pronounced as a vowel; e. g. nadyàm pronounced nadíam6. — A. The stems belonging to the primary group are: 1. the monosyllabic feminines dhí- 'thought', bhí- 'fear', śrí- 'glory'; and the m. vi- 'receiver' (which occurs only once in the N. sing.). 2. Compounds (mostly Bahuvrīhis) formed with the first three: à-dhí- f. 'care', itthá-dhì- 'right devout', dirghadhi- - ¹ Cp. the L. pl. of the a-declension. 2 Perfect participle middle of gam- 'go'. 3. Participle middle from urdh- 'grow'. 4 There are one or two exceptions to this rule in compound words in the A group, and a few others, in the AV., in the B group. 5 There are only two exceptions in the RV.: A. sing. staryàm (VII. 688) in a late verse (cp. LANMAN 379¹) and N. pl. nadyàs (VII. 504). The AV. has six such forms: aśvataryàs, nadyàs, naptyàs, nāḍyàs, pippalyàs, vrkṣa-sarpyàs. 6 The resolved forms are therefore always given helow, spelt with i in this declension. This will not lead to any confusion with the written forms of the Samhita text in which the i of the stem always appears as ży or y.