Page:Vedic Grammar.djvu/276

 I. ALLGEMEINES UND SPRACHE. 4. VEDIC GRAMMAR. devi-tame 'most divine', dhisane 'goddess of devotion', nadi-tame 'best of rivers', pathye 'path' (as goddess), pastye ‘goddess of the house', putra- kāme, puru-priye 'much beloved', prthu-jaghane 'broad-hipped', prthu-stuke 'having broad braids of hair', priye (TS. vII. 1. 6³), brahma-samśite 'sharpened by prayer', marud-vrdhe N. of a river, yamune, rake N. of a goddess, vapustame (Kh. Iv. 77) 'most beautiful', vára-rupe (Kh. Iv. 526) of excellent form', vi-kate 'monstrous', vivasvad-vāte (TS. Iv. 4. 124) 'desired by Vivasvat', višva-rūpe (TS. IV. 2. 5²) 'omniform', visva-vare possessed of all goods', saravye 'arrow', śitike 'cool', śúnge (Kh. v. 15³) N. of a goddess, subhre 'shining', sa-danve 'associated with demons', sarame N. of a goddess, site 'furrow', su-jāte 'well-born', su-putre 'having good sons', su-bhage, su-lābhike 'easy to win', su-snuse 'having fair daughters-in-law', sū-nṛte, sūrya-varṇe (Kh. IV. 77) 'sun-coloured', surye, stóma-trayastrimše (TS. IV. 4. 124), háriklike (Kh. v. 15¹) 'yellowish', hiranya-parne (Kh. Iv. 77) 'gold-winged', hladike 're- freshing'. 266 Du. N. A. V. These cases are identical in form, having final -e which doubtless contains the same dual ending -7 as N. A. V. du. of the a- declen- sion. They are of frequent occurrence, being made from over 130 stems in the RV. The ending -e is Pragṛhya, being distinguished by the Pada text with an appended iti from the e of the V. sing. f.; e. g. V. du. f. subhre iti, but V. sing. f. śubhre. 3 Examples of the most frequent forms are: ubhé (66) ‘both', su-méke ³ (8) 'well-established', devá-putre (7) ‘having gods as sons', vi-rūpe (7) ‘of different forms', sipre (5) 'cheeks'. The compound sitūsite 'black and white' occurs in a Khila (p. 1715). I. Ab. These cases, made with the ending -bhyam, are identical in form with the I. D. Ab. m. n. of the a- declension. They are represented by only two forms in the RV.: siprabhyām (x. 1055) which seems to be I., and násikābhyām (x. 163¹) 'nostrils', Ab. No form with a D. sense occurs. G. L. Both these cases add, with interposing -y, the normal ending -os to the final -a of the stem, which is shortened. They are thus identical in form with the G. L. du. m. n. of the a- declension. There are only four nominal forms in the RV. and AV.: in the G. sense jánghayos (AV.) 'legs', yamáyos 'twins'; and in the L. sense uttanáyos, svadháyos 'homestead's. Pl. N. V. The regular form ends in -as and is very common, being formed from nearly 260 stems in the RV. Examples of the commonest forms are: bhadrás (19), dháras (16), manīsás (10)6. There is, however, a second form in -āsas which occurs nearly 20 times in the RV. Considering the rarity of this form here, while it is the commoner as N. pl. m. in the a- declension, the probability is that its intro- duction was due to those very numerous masculines. The forms occurring are: á-tandrāsas 'indefatigable', a-mŕtāsas (AV.) ‘'immortal', dur-mitrāsas un- friendly', pasprdhānásas vying'¹, párthivāsas® 'terrestrial', pāvakásas ‘pure', bhejanásas 'having obtained', vanvānāsas¹ (SV.) ‘having obtained', vašásas, 1 Superlative of devi-, the final being shortened as in the simple vocative devi. 2 Cp. BRUGMANN, Grundriss 2, 286 (p. 643). 3 Cp. WINDISCH in Festgruss an O. v. BÖHT- LINGK 114f. 4 The pronominal form tábhyām (x. 88¹5) has a locative meaning. 6 In two or three passages the Pada text seems to confuse forms in -ās with others in -ā; see LANMAN 362. 7 Perfect participle middle of sprdh-. 8 Cp. LANMAN 362. 9 Perfect participle middle of bhaj- 'share'. 10 The variant of the SV. for bhejanasas 5 There are also the pronominal forms of the RV. ayos and yayos. In III. 542 the Pada text reads ayós probably for ayos.