Page:Vedic Grammar.djvu/256

 I. ALLGEMEINES UND SPRACHE. 4. VEDIC GRAMMAR. A. I. m. pitýn³; dákṣa-pitṛn, pŕśni-mātṛn. f. mātis². 2. m. ástrn, a-snātŕn, kartŕn (AV.; Kh. iv. 5³º), goptřn (AV.), jaritŕn, trātŕn, dātŕn, pätŕn (AV.) 'drinkers', pra-vodhŕn 'carrying off', stotýn, sthatýn, hótrn. I. I. m. niptrbhis, pitŕbhis, bhrátṛbhis; saptá-mātṛbhis. - f. matjbhis. 2. m. ástṛbhis, kartýbhis, dhātýbhis, partýbhis ‘with aids', setýbhis 'bindings', sotibhis and sótrbhis, hetýbhis, hótrbhis. 246 D. I. m. pitýbhyas. - f. mātŕbhyas. — 2. m. kṣattybhyas (VS.XVI. 26) 'cha- rioteers', rakṣitibhyas (AV.), stotýbhyas, sam-grahītŕbhyas (VS.xvI. 26) 'drivers'. Ab. I. m. pitrbhyas. f. matybhyas. G. m. 1. pitřnám ³. - 2. unnetřnám (VS. VI. 2) kind of Soma priests, jaritṛṇám, datṛṇámª (AV.), dhatṛṇám, stotṛṇám, hótṛṇām. --- With r: 1. pitrnám dātřnám4 (TS. I. 3. 6¹ etc.); 2. dhatrnám (TS. IV. 7. 143), netrnám (TS. 1. 3. 6¹)5. L. 1. m. pitsu (AV.). f. matrşu. 2. m. hótysu. - — - 2. Stems in y and v. 361. These stems, of which there are only five, form a transition to the vowel declension because, while taking the normal endings like the ordinary consonant declension, they add -s in the N. sing. m. f. and show a vowel before the endings with initial consonant. There are no neuter forms 6. a. Stem in -ây (-ai). 362. This type is represented by only one word, usually stated in the form of rái, which never appears in any case. This word, which is both m. and (rarely) f., means 'wealth', being in origin doubtless connected with the root rā- 'give'. The stem appears as rūy- before vowels and rā- before The forms occurring are: Sing. A. rám. I. raya. D. rāyé. Ab. rāyás. G. rāyás¹. Pl. N. ráyas. A. rāyás³. G. rāyám. consonants. a. The inflexion of ráy- is supplemented by rayi-, m. f., from which occur the addi- tional cases sing. N. rayis, A. rayim, I. rayyá and rayinā; pl. L. rayibhis, G. rayīņām. b. There are three forms which seem to be irregular compounds of ray-: sing. G. ydhád-rayas (fincreasing wealth') N. of a man, D. brhád-raye 'having much wealth', and du. N. šatá-rā ‘having a hundred goods'. In the first two forms the vowel of the stem has probably been shortened metrically 9; in the third form, the stem as it appears before consonants has been used. 1 On the Sandhi of these accusatives see LANMAN 429. 2 Once with m. ending mātřn (x. 35²). 3 With n before the ending -ām as in the vowel declension, and accent shifted to the ending as in the i- and u- declension when those vowels are accented. b. Stems in -av (-o) and -äv (-au). 363. There are two stems in -ar, viz. gav- m. 'bull', f. 'cow', and dyáv- m. f. heaven', 'day'. Both distinguish strong forms, in which the vowel is lengthened; both take -s in the N. sing. before which the end of the stem assumes the form of -au. Both show various irregularities in their inflexion. 4 See WHITNEY's note on AV. v. 24³. 5 Also udgātṛṇām (TS. III. 2. 95) and bhrá- trnām (TS. 11. 6. 6²). See BENFEY, Vedica, p. 1-38; IS. 13, 101; LANMAN 430. 6 Except the isolated dyavi occurring once as V. du. of dyáv- 'heaven'. 7 The G. a few times has the irregular accent rayas. 8 Accented thus 22 times as a weak case in the RV., and four times rayas as a strong case (also VS. 11. 24). The SV. I. 4. 1.41 has the A. pl. ras in the variant adhad ráḥ for adhatta of RV. VIII. 96¹3. 9 According to BR. and GRASSMANN, they are formed from the stems byhád-ri- and rdhád-ri-. Cp. LANMAN 431.