Page:Vedic Grammar.djvu/251

 VI. DECLENSION. NOUNS. CONSONANT STEMS. A pecu- The inflexion is the same in all genders except the N. A. neuter. liarity is the lengthening of the radical i and u when a consonant ending follows or originally followed ¹ a. The distinction of strong and weak appears in dvår- f. 'door', which is reduced to důr- in weak cases; in tár- and stár- 'star', from which are made tăras and stýbhis; and in the n. svàr 'light' two weak cases, the D. and G. sing., are formed from the con- tracted stem sür-. b. There are here a few transitions to the a-declension: śatá-durasya and šatá- dureşu 'having a hundred doors', which started from weak cases like dúras; su-dhúra-s, N. sing. m. 'well-yoked', due to the A. su-dhir-am; perhaps also the A. sing. f. án-apa- sphura-m 'not pushing away', which occurs beside the N. pl. án-apa-sphur-as². On the other hand the N. pl. m. vandhir-as 'car-seats' seems to be a transition from the a-declension, as vandhúra is probably the older stem. c. The form yan-túr-am guide', which occurs twice for yan-tár-am has been formed as if from -tur owing to the parallelism with ap túram which once appears beside it³. Inflexion. 355. The forms actually occurring, if made from pur- f. 'stronghold', would be as follows: 241 Sing. N. púr. A. puram. I. purá. D. puré. Ab. purás. G. purás. L. puri. Du. N. A. purā and púrau. Pl. N. V. púras. A. púras. I. purbhís. D. pūrbhyás (VS.). G. puram. I. pūrṣú. The forms actually occurring are as follows: Sing. N. m. gir 'praising', vár 'protector'; muhur-gir 'swallowing suddenly'; dur-aśīr 'badly mixed'; rajas-túr 'traversing the air', ratha-túr 'drawing a chariot', visva-túr 'all-surpassing', su-pra-túr 'very victorious'5. f. gir 'praise', dvár (AV.) 'door', dhir 'burden', púr; ama-júr 'aging at home', a-sir6 (AV. TS.) 'mixture'. - N. A. n. vár 'water', súar7 'light'8, súvar (TS. II. 2. 12¹). A. m. túram 'promoter'; ap-túram9 'active', aji-túram 'victorious in battles', rajas-túram, ratha-túram, vrtra-túram 'conquering enemies'; a-júram 'unaging', apa-sphúram 'bounding forth', rta-juram 'grown old in (observing) the law', gávāśiram ‘mixed with milk', yávāśiram ‘mixed with corn', sahásra- dvaram 'having a thousand doors', su-dhúram 'well yoked'¹0. - f. giram, dváram (AV.), dhúram, púram; a-siram, upa-stiram 'cover', sam-giram 'assent'. I. m. bándhura"¹ (AV.) 'binder' (?). f. girá, dhura, purá; abhi-pra-múrā 'crushing', abhi-svára 'invocation', a-sira. - n. visva-túrā. D. m. giré; nis-túre 'overthrowing'. f. upa-stire. n. sūré. Ab. f. dhurás; ni-júras 'consuming by fire'. - 6 From - 'mix'. Indo-arische Philologie. I. 4 G. m. gávāśiras, yávāśiras, radhra-túras 'encouraging the obedient'. f. ama-júras. - n. suras ¹2; rásāśiras 'mixed with juice'. 12. - That is, the -s of the N. sing. m. and f. | 7 This is the only declensional form of This rule also applies in var (1. 132³) if this word occurring in the AV. 8 Neuter compounds ending in - GRASSMANN is right in explaining this form as a N. sing. m. meaning protector', from avoided; thus the AV. has the transition vár (ur- 'cover'); but BR., s. v. vār-, regard form náva-dvara-m, N. n. this form as a corruption. 9 For ap-(a)-s-túram 'getting over work'. 10 There is also the anomalous form yantúram for yantáram. 2 In the later language dvár- f. and púr- f. went over to the a- declension as dvāra- n. and pura n., while vár- n. went over to the i declension as vāri-. II Probably a transfer from the a-declen- sion. 3 See LANMAN 486 (bottom). 12 With the accentuation of a dissyllabic stem (star). In VIII. 61¹7 for sűra á the 4 If this form is not a corruption. 5 There is also the transition form su- Pada text has súre á, but it is probably the G. dhúra-s. suras. In 1. 6610, 6910 the uninflected form suar seems to he used in a G. sense. 16 are