Page:Vedic Grammar.djvu/227

 VI. DECLENSION. NOUNS. CONSONANT STEMS. They are: áp- 'water', krp- 'beauty', ksáp- 'night', ksip- 'finger', rip- 'deceit', rip- earth', vip- 'rod'. Feminine are also the compounds a-táp- 'heating', pati-rip- 'deceiving a husband', vi-stáp- 'summit', rta-sáp- 'performing worship'. All other compound stems are masculine. They are: agni-táp- ‘enjoying the warmth of fire', abhi-läpa-láp-² (AV.) 'excessively whimpering', asu-trp-3 'delighting in lives', keta-sáp- 'obeying the will (of another)', pari-ráp- crying around', pasu-trp-3 'delighting in herds', pra-sip-4 'slumbering', rīty-àp- 'having streaming (riti-) water'. a. The distinction of strong and weak forms appears in áp- and its compound rity-àp-, as well as in the two compounds of sap- 'serve', rta-sáp- and keta-sáp-. The strong form ápas is used a few times in the A. pl., but the long vowel in pari-rápas as A. pl. is due to the metre; on the other hand, the weak form ap-ás appears twice in the AV. as N. pl. b. The A. pl. apás is nearly always accented on the ending as a weak case; kşapás similarly appears two or three times, and vipás once. c. No N. sing. m. or f. occurs, but a n. transition form once appears in this case: vistápa-m (IX. 113¹0), a form which doubtless started from the A. sing. f. vistáp-am. The n. pl. of the same transition stem occurs once as viștápā (VIII. 805). Two other transition forms are kşapábhis and kşipābhis. Inflexion. 335. The forms actually occurring are the following: Sing. A. m. pasu-týpam. - f. vi-stápam. I. m. vipa 'priest'. f. apá, Ab. f. apás; ã-tápas, vi-ṣṭápas. - G. m. vipas 5.- f. apás, kşapás, ripás, rupás. - L. f. vi-stapi. krpá, kṣapá, vipă. Du. N. m. rity-àpā; asu-tŕpauᵒ. Pl. N. m. rta-sápas, keta-sápas, V. rīti-āpas; vípas; agni-tápas, abhī-lāpa- lápas (AV.), asu-týpas, pra-súpas. f. ápas, V. apas, rta-sắpas; ksipas, vipas, ripas; pati-ripas. The A. form apás occurs twice in the AV. for the N.7. A. m. asu-trpas, pari-rápas³. f. apás and ápas?, ksapás and kṣápas ¹0, vipás and vípas", ripas. Ab. f. adbhyás ¹². G. m. I. f. adbhís ¹2.-D. f. adbhyás ¹2 (VS. VI. 9). 12 f. apám¹3, ksapám, vípám. - L. f. apsú ³4. vipám. — I vip- as an adjective is used as also. 217 b. Stems in (radical) -bh. 336. Both masculines and feminines occur in this declension, but there are no neuters. The stems comprise five monosyllables formed from roots, together with compounds of three of the latter (grabh-, śubh-, stubh-), and kakúbh. The stems are: ksúbh- f. 'push', grbh- f. 'seizing', nábh- f. 'destroyer', súbh-f. 'splendour', stúbh- adj. 'praising', f. 'praise'; jīva-gŕbh- m. 'capturing alive', 'bailiff', sute-grbh- 'taking hold of the Soma', syuma-gŕbh- 'seizing the 2 An irregular intensive formation. 3 Cp. KLUGE, KZ. 25, 311f. 4 From suap- 'sleep'. 5 With irregular accent. 6 Cp. LANMAN 482 (middle). 7 There is also the transition form in the n. vi-ştápā. - a m.] times in books I and x of the RV., and 16 times in the AV.; it also occurs in Kh. III. 9. 10 kşápas 6 or 8 times in RV., kṣapás 2 or 3 times. 8 Metrical for pari-rápas, which is the reading of the Pada text in II. 233 14; see RPr. IX. 26. 9 apás is the regular form occurring 152 times in the RV. and 26 times in the AV. The strong form ápas is used half a dozen 11 vípas thrice, vipás once in RV. 12 By dissimilation for *ab-bhís, *ab-bhyás; cp. JOHANSSON, IF. 4, 134-146. See LAN- MAN 483. There are also the two transfer forms kşapábhis and kṣipābhis, each occurring once. 13 On the metrical value of apám see LAN- MAN 484 (top). = apsú 14 BR. regard apásu in VIII. 4¹4 as with inserted -a-. See LANMAN 484.