Page:Vedic Grammar.djvu/223

 VI. DECLENSION. NOUNS. CONSONANT STEMS. Du. N. A. V. m. agrādvānā ‘eating (advan-) first', a-druhvāṇā 'not hostile' ṛtāvānā, grávāṇā, prātar-yávāṇā, maghávānā, ratha-yavana 'driving in a car', subhra-yāvānā 'driving stately', śruṣṭīvánā, sa-jitvānā. With -au : rtávānau, grávāṇau (AV.). I. m. grávabhyām (AV.). — G. m. maghinos. Pl. N. V. m. akṣṇa-yávanas going across', átharvāṇas, an-arvāṇas, á-yajvānas, upa-hásvānas ‘mocking', urdhvá-grāvāṇas ‘lifting the pressing stone', ŕkvāṇas, rtávānas, grávāṇas, ghṛta-pāvānas (VS.VI. 19) 'drinking ghee', drúhvāṇas, ni-kŕtvānas 'deceitful', pari-şádvanas 'besetting', pivänas (TS. III. 2. 85), prá- sthāvānas 'swift', prātar-yávaṇas, maghávanas, raghu-pátvanas, vánīvānas¹ 'demanding', vasā-pāvānas (VS. VI. 19) 'drinkers of fat', subham-yávānas, śrustivánas, sátvānas, su-dhánvanas, su-súkvanas 'shining brightly'. Weak form for strong: maghónas (vI. 44¹2) ². 2. dhánva, párva³; N. A. n. 1. dhánvāni, párvāṇi, snávāni (AV.). with long final vowel only párvā (AV. xII. 54²). A. m. 1. ádhvanas, á-yajvanas, drúhvaṇas (AV.). — 2. á-rāvṇas, eva- yávnas, grávṇas, prātar-yávṇas; maghónas. — —— - I. m. ádhvabhis, á-prayutvabhis 'attentive', kvabhis, eva-yávabhis, grávabhis, prātar-yávabhis*, yájvabhis, ráṇvabhis ‘agreeable', síkvabhis,sátvabhis, sanítvabhis 'bestowers', sa-yávabhis, su-pra-yávabhis 'speeding well', sva-yúgvabhis 'allies'. n. pátvabhis, párvabhis, vivásvabhis, soma-párvabhis 'times of Soma offerings'. D. m. átharvabhyas, grávabhyas, gharma-pavabhyas (VS. XXXVIII.15) 'drink- ing hot (milk)' 5. n. snávabhyas (VS. xxxIx. 10). Ab. n. snávabhyas (AV.). G. m. I. ádhvanām (VS. v. 33), an-arváṇam, á-yajvanām, sátvanām. — 2. grávṇām, rárāvṇām, vāja-dávnām, soma-pávnām; maghónam. n. I. dhánvanām (AV.). - L. m. ádhvasu, kŕtvasu, grávasu (Kh. I. 12³)7, yájvasu³. - n. dhánvasu, párvasu. 213 Stems in -in, -min, -vin. 332. The suffixes -in, -min, -vin, which have the sense of 'possessing', are used to form secondary adjectives. The stems in -in are very common, those in vin are fairly frequent, numbering nearly twenty, but there is only one in min: rg-min- 'praising'. They are declined in the m. and n. only9; but the neuter forms are very rare, amounting to fewer than a dozen altogether. The inflexion presents hardly any irregularities. The vowel of the suffix remains accented throughout¹0, and is not liable either to syncope or to lengthening in the G. pl. It is lengthened in the N. sing. m. only. As in all derivative stems ending in -n, the nasal disappears in the N. sing. m. n. and before terminations beginning with consonants. 5 Also the supplementary form maghávad- bhyas. 6 The form sahasra-dāvnām is read as a f. in I. 175. a. There are a few transition forms to the a-declension starting from the A. sing. m. in -in-am understood as -ina-m. Such are parameşth-ina-m (AV. xix. 9¹) ‘most exalted', N. sing. n.; the V. mahin-a and the G. mahina-sya from mah-in- 'mighty', and 7 Accented grävásu in the edition. 8 There is also the transfer form maghá- vatsu. 1 From the intensive of Vvan-. 9 They form a special f. stem by adding 2 The form kŕtvano in AV. XIX. 355 is a|-; t. g. from aśv-in- possessing horses' conjecture for the krsnávo of the Mss. aśvin-i-. 3 In Pada as well as Samhitā. 4 Also the supplementary form maghávad- bhis. 10 Except irin, śäkin-, sárin-, and the compounds káru-latin-, mahá-vațūrin-, indra- medin-, from each of which a single form occurs; also the compounds formed with the negative a-; e. g. á-nämin-. ¹1 It would doubtless be lengthened in the N. A. n. pl. also if that form occurred.