Page:Vedic Grammar.djvu/221

 VI. DECLENSION. NOUNS. CONSONANT STEMS. b. In the strong cases there is one instance in which the a remains short: an- arvāṇam ¹ (X. 9214), and two others in which the weakest stem is used: A. sing. maghónam (VS. xxvIII. 9) instead of maghávānam, N. pl. maghónas (VI. 44¹2) instead of maghávānas². In the weak cases when the suffix is preceded by a vowel, the a is always syncopated in the Samhita text except in the forms dāváne, vasuváne (VS.), and ytávani, but it may have to be restored in one or two instances 3. 211 c. The three words tk-van- 'singing', maghá-van- bountiful', sahá-van- 'powerful' make a few forms from supplementary stems in -vant: I. sing. kvata; pl. I. maghá- vadbhis, D. maghávadbhyas, L. maghávatsu; N. sing. sahávān and sáhāvan. Beside dadhi- krávan-, N. of a mythical horse, also occurs the stem dadhi-krá-. d. Eight or nine words in -van show transitions to the a-declension by extending the stem with a or, more commonly, by dropping then. Thus satvaná-m and satvanáis occur beside the numerous regular forms from sátvan- 'brave'. The N. sing. m. anarván-a-s (v. 51¹¹, VIII. 3112) may have started from the A. anarván-am (X. 9214), while the n. anarvá-m (1.164²) may have been due to the f. (áditir) anarvá which appears like the f. of the a declension. Other transitional forms are ykvá-s beside kvan-; johva-m 'dexterous' beside jbhvan-; takvá-s swift' beside tákvan-; vákvās, N. pl., 'rolling' beside vákvan-; vibháva-m 'brilliant' beside vibhávan-; šikvá-s (AV.) ‘skilful' beside sikvan-. Inflexion. 331. The normal forms occurring, if made from grávan- 'pressing stone' in the m. and from dhánvan- 'bow' in the n., would be: Sing. m. N. grávā. A. grávāṇam. I. grávna. D. grávne. Ab. grávnas. G. grávnas. L. grávani and grávan. V. grávan. Du. N. A. V. grávāṇā and grávanau. I. grávabhyam (AV.). G. grávnos. Pl. N. V. grávāṇas. A. grávnas. I. grávabhis. D. grávabhyas. G. grávnām. L. grávasu. dhánvana. D. dhánvane. Ab. G. Pl. N. A. dhánvani, dhánva, Sing. n. N. A. dhánva and dhánva. I. dhánvanas. L. dhánvani and dhánvan. - dhánvā (AV.). I. dhánvabhis. D. dhánvabhyas (VS.). Ab. dhánvabhyas (AV.). G. dhánvanām (AV.). L. dhánvasu. Forms actually occurring are the following: Sing. N. m. agra-yavā 'going in front', átharva 'fire-priest', adma-sádva 'companion at a meal', ádhva 'road', an-arvát 'irresistible', abhi-yúgvä (VS. XVII. 86) 'attacking', abhisasti-páva 'protecting from curses', abhí-satva 'sur- rounded by heroes', abhyardha-yájvā 'receiving sacrifices apart', amatīvá 'suffering want', arātīvá 'hostile', á-rāvā ‘not giving', 'hostile', árva 'steed', ávatata-dhanvā (VS. III. 61) 'whose bow is unbent, asu-pátva 'flying swiftly', ugrá-dhanvā 'having a mighty bow', įkvā ‘praising', ŕghāvā 'impetuous', ṛṇa- yávā ‘pursuing guilť, ṛṇāvá ‘guilty', ṛtávā ‘pious', bhva 'dexterous', krsná- dhva 'having a black track' (adhvā), kratu-právā 'granting power', ksiprá- dhanva 'having an elastic bow', grāvá ‘pressing stone', tákvā 'bird of prey', dadhi-kráva N. of a divine horse, deva-yávā ‘going to the gods', dru-șádvā 'sitting on the wood', nr-şádva 'sitting among men', pátharva N. of a man, pátva 'flying', puru-kŕtva 'doing much', purva-gátva 'leader', purva-yáva 'leader', pra-tákvā (VS. v. 32) 'steep', pra-ríkvā ‘extending beyond', prāṇa-dāvā³ (AV.) 'breath-giving', pratar-itva 'coming in the morning', badha-sýtva 'striding mightily', brhád-grāvā (VS. I. 15) 'like a great stone', bhūri-dáva 'giving much', magháva 'bountiful', mádva 'exhilarating', mrakṣa-kŕtva 'rubbing to pieces', yájva 'sacrificer', yávā ‘aggressor', yuktá-grāvā 'having yoked the pressing stones', yudhva 'warlike', raghu-pátva 'flying swiftly', rárāvā 'giving abun- dantly', ráva (VS. VI. 30) 'giving', vákva 'rolling', vasu-dáva 'giving goods', ¹ This seems to be a metrical shortening; 4 an-arván-a-s is a transition to the a- according to GRASSMANN it is an A. of a transfer stem an-arvána-. declension. 5 Emendation for prana-davan in AV. Iv. 355. 2 The form kitvanas in AV. XIX. 355 as N. pl. m. is a conjecture; cp. p. 213, note 2. 3 See LANMAN 524 (bottom). 6 Also once maghá-vān, transition form. from a stem in -vant. 14*