Page:Vedic Grammar.djvu/217

 VI. DECLENSION. NOUNS. CONSONANT STEMS. b. In the strong forms aryamán- 'Aryaman', tmán- 'self', and jeman- 'victorious' retain the short vowel of the suffix. In the weak forms, even when the suffix is preceded by a vowel, about a dozen forms do not syncopate the a¹: I. omána, pravád-yamanā, bhūmánā, bhúmanā, syümanā, hemánā; D. trámane, dámane; Ab. G. bhumanas; G. mahi- mánas, damanas, yamanas, vydmanas. The forms which, besides syncopating, drop the m or the # of the suffix are: prathiná, prená, bhūná, mahiná, variņā; drāghmá, rašmá. C. Beside the man stems there are several transfer stems in ma, which are, however, of rare or late occurrence: darmá- 'destroyer' beside darmán; dhárma-(AV. etc.) law' beside dhárman-; éma (VS.) 'course' beside éman-; hóma- (VS. AV.) 'offering' beside himan- (RV.); ájma- 'course' beside ájman-; yama- 'course' beside yaman-; priya- dhāma- (1. 140¹) fond of home' beside priyá-dhaman- (AV.); and occasional forms of -karma- at the end of compounds beside the regular -karman-: virá-karma-m (x.615) doing manly deeds'; visvá-karmena (x. 1644) 'all-creating beside vilvá-karmaṇa, etc. 329. The normal forms actually occurring would, if made from áśman- 'stone' in the m. and from kárman- 'act' in the n., be as follows: Sing. m. N. áśma. A. áśmanam*. I. áśmana ³. D. áśmane 4. Ab. áśmanas5. G. áśmanas5. L. áśmani and áśman. V. áśman. Du. N. A. V. áśmānāº. --- Inflexion. L. áśmanos. Pl. N. V. áśmanas. A. áśmanas. I. áśmabhis. D. áśmabhyas. G. áśmanam. L. áśmasu (AV.). Sing. n. N. A. kárma¹. I. kármaṇā. D. kármane. Ab. kármanas³. G. kármanas. L. kármani and kárman. - Du. N. A. kármanī. G. kármanos. Pl. N. A. kármani, kárma, kármā. I. kármabhis. D. kármabhyas. Ab. kármabhyas. G. kármanam. L. kármasu. " 207 7 Forms which actually occur are the following: Sing. N. m. a-karmá 'wicked', á-brahma lacking devotion', aryamá 'Aryaman', áśma 'stone', a-sremá 'faultless', atmá 'breath', asu-héma 'speeding swiftly', iştá-yāmā 'going according to desire', usrá-yāmā 'moving towards brightness', rtá-dhama (VS. IV. 32) 'abiding in truth', krtá-brahma 'having performed devotion', jarima 'old age', jatú-bharmā 'ever nourishing', jemá (VS. XVIII. 4) 'superiority', trpála-prabharma 'offering what is refreshing', darmá 'demolisher', dämá 'giver', dur-náma ill-named', dur-mánma 'evil-minded', dyutád-yama 'having a shining path', draghima (VS. xvIII.4) 'length', dvi- jánmã 'having a double birth', dharmá 'arranger', dhvasmá 'darkening', páka- sthāmā N. of a man, papmá (VS. VI. 35) 'misfortune', prthú-pragāmā ‘wide- striding', prathimá (VS. xvIII. 4) 'width', brahmá 'devout man', bhujmás 'abounding in valleys', bhumá (TS. VII. 3. 13¹) 'plenty', bhúri-janma 'having many births', mahimá 'greatness', yajñá-manma 'ready for sacrifice', raghu- yáma 'going quickly', resmá (AV.) 'tempest', vadmá 'speaker', varima 'width', varşimd (VS. XVIII. 4) ‘height', visvá-karmā 'all-creator', višvá-sāmā (VS. xvIII. 39) 'having the form of all Samans', vŕṣa-prabharmã 'to whom the strong (Soma) is offered', satátmã 'possessing a hundred lives', satyá-dharma 'whose laws are true', satyá-manmã 'whose thoughts are true', saptá-nāmā 'seven-named', sahásra-yama 'having a thousand courses', sadhú-karma 'acting well', su-kármā 'working skilfully', su-jánima 'producing fair things', su-trámã 'guarding well', su-dybtma 'shining bright', su-bráhmã 'accompanied by good prayers', su- mántu-nama 'bearing a well-known name', su-mánmã 'benevolent', su-váhmā ¹ The vowel has also to be restored in | several other forms (see LANMAN 524 f.). 3 With short vowel aryamánam, tmánam, 3 Without syncope after vowel bhimana, etc.; with syncopemahimnå, mahina, drāghmá, etc. 4 Also with syncope, mahimné, etc. 5 Also with syncope, mahimnás, etc. Also with short vowel aryamáṇā, jémanā. 7 Sometimes kárma in the Samhita text. 8 Also with syncope, námnā, etc. 9 bhújma (1. 655) should probably be read bhujmå; see BR., GRASSMANN, LANMAN 530 (top).