Page:Vedic Grammar.djvu/212

 I. ALLGEMEINES UND SPRACHE. 4. VEDIC GRAMMAR. representing the sonant nasal appears for an before consonants, while before vowels the root, by syncopation of its vowel, assumes the form of -ghn-. The N. sing. n. of -han is -ha-m, a transition to the a-declension (for -ha, which does not occur). I 202 Inflexion. 324. All forms are represented in this declension except Ab. sing., the weak cases of the du., and the D. Ab. pl. The forms made from -han- are: Sing. N. -há², A.-hánam, I. -ghná, D. -ghné, G. -ghnás, L. -ghní, V. -han. Du. N. A. -hána, -hánau (VS. TS.), V. -hana. Pl. N. hánas, A. -ghnás, I. -hábhis. The G. would be ghnám and the L. -hásu according to the analogy of other stems in this declension. The forms of radical n-stems which occur are the following: · Sing. N. m. aghaśamsa-há 'slaying the wicked', adrsta-há 'slaying unseen (vermin)', abhimati-há 'destroying adversaries', amitra-há 'killing enemies', amiva-há destroying pains', arusa-há 'striking the dark (cloud), á-vīra-ha 'not slaying men', asasti-há 'averting curses', asura-há 'demon-slaying', ahi-há 'killing the serpent, krsti-há 'subduing nations', go-há 'killing cattle', dasyu-há 'destroying the Dasyus', durņāma-há (AV.) 'destroying the ill-named', nr-há 'killing men', puro-há 'destroying strongholds'³, prśni--há (AV.) 'slaying the speckled (snake)', mano-há (AV.) 'mind-destroying', musti-ha striking with the fist', yatu-há (AV.) 'destroying witchcraft', rakso-há 'destroying demons', vasar-há 'destroying at dawn', vrtra-há 'Vrtra-slaying', śarya-há 'killing with arrows', satra-há 'destroying entirely', sapatna-há ‘slaying rivals', sapta-há 'slaying seven'. n. Only two transition forms occur: vrtra-há-m and - - satra-há-mt. A. m. á-pra-haṇam 5 'not hurting', abhimati-hánam, ahi-hánam, tamo- hánam 'dispelling darkness', dasyu-hánam, rakso-hánams, valaga-hánam 'destroying secret spells' (VS. v. 23), mano-hánam (AV.), vīra-háṇam 5 (VS. xxx. 5) 'homicide', vrtra-háṇam 5, satrā-háṇams, sapatna-hánam (AV.). I. m. vrtra-ghná“. n. dasyu-ghná. f. taná (once) and tánā7 - - (19 times). I. D. m. ráṇe7; abhimāti-ghné (VS. vi. 32), asura-ghné“, ahi-ghné, nr-ghné“, makha-ghné (TS. III. 2. 4. 2), 'slayer of Makha', vrtra-ghné6. f. táne 7. G. m. go-şanas (in the V. goşano napat); asura-ghnás6, vytra-ghnás6. L. m. sváni8 (Ix. 669), tuvi-sváni; bhruna-ghní (AV.) 'killer of an embryo'. Without an ending: ránº. V. m. amitra-han, ahi-han, vṛtra-han. Du. N. A. V. tamo-hána, rakṣo-hána 5, vrtra-háṇā, V. vrtra-hana 5. With -au : rakṣo-hánau (VS. v. 25), valaga-hánau (VS. v. 25; TS. I. 3. 2²). Pl. N. V. m. V. tuvi-svanas; a-bhog-ghánas¹0 'striking the niggardly one', punar-hánas 5 destroying in return', yajña-hánas (TS.) 'destroying sacrifice', satru-hánass 'slaying enemies'. A. m. sata-ghnás (AV.) 'gain-destroying'. With strong form: rakṣo-hánas5 and valaga-hánas (VS. v. 25; TS. 1. 3. 2²). I. m. vytra-hábhis. – G. m. vanám. - L. m. rámsu, vámsu7. 1 The forms made from -ghna-, viz. -ghnás, | -ghnám, -ghnaya, -gnásya, -ghne, are probably to be explained as transition forms starting from the weak stem -ghn-. 2 Formed like the N. of derivative -an stems (327). 3 That is, puras, A. pl. of pur-, the case termination being retained. 4 The normal forms would be *vṛtra-há and *satra-há. 5 See above 47, A b 2 (p. 39). 6 See above p. 38, note 4. 7 Against the rule of accentuation in monosyllabic stems (94). This form may, however, be the 3.sing. passive aor. See below 501, note on sắdi. 9 With loss of the loc. ending as in the -an declension (325). 10 -ghanas for-hánas, see above 80, 81.