Page:Vedic Grammar.djvu/196

 I. ALLGEMEINES UND SPRACHE. 4. VEDIC GRAMMAR. G. m. tri-vŕtas, vipaś-citas, sa-cítas ‘wise', su-dyútas ‘shining beautifully'. - f. vi-dyútas. · L. n. tri-výti (AV.). Du. N. A. V. m. vipas-cita (V.), isu-kŕta' (1. 184³). — f. výtau; a-výta, madhu-ścita, vi-cŕtau (AV.). - L. f. vi-crtos (AV.). - Pl. N. m. a-výtas, rsti-vidyutas 'glittering with spears', eka-vŕtas (AV.), ghrta-ścitas, dus-citas (AV.), vi-dyútas, vipas-citas, sam-yátas, surya-svitas 'bright as the sun', svá-vidyutas 'self-lightning', hraduni-vŕtas bringing hail'. - V. rsți-vidyutas, vi-dyutas. N. f. apa-citas (AV.), ā-vŕtas (AV.), upā-vŕtas (VS. AV.) 'return', ghrta-ścútas, ghrta-ścyútas (VS. XVII. 3), madhu-ścútas, madhu-ścyútas (VS. XVII. 3), vi-dyútas, sam-yátas. ·V. ápa-citas (AV.). A. m. a-citas, a-dyútas 'lacking brightness', ghrta-ścútas, vipaś-citas, huras- citas. f. nýtas (AV.), vŕtas; tri-vŕtas (AV.), dakṣiṇa-vŕtas, didyútas, puru- vŕtas (AV.) 'moving in various ways', madhu-ścitas, vi-dyútas, visu-vŕtas (AV)., sam-yátas, sam-vŕtas (AV.). f. apa-citām (AV.), vi- I. n. tri-výdbhis (AV.). - G. m. vipas-citām. dyútām (AV.). — L. f. prtsú². · 307. Stems in determinative -t. Derivative nominal stems are formed from nearly thirty roots ending in the short vowels i, u and y by means of the suffix -t3. The roots adding it are i- ‘go', kr- ‘make', kṣi- ‘dwell', gu- 'sound', ci- '‘pile', 'note', cyu- ‘move', ji- ‘conquer', dhr- 'hold', dhvr- ‘injure', pi- 'swell', pru- 'flow', bhr- 'bear', mi- 'fix', yu- 'join' and 'separate', ri- 'flow', ur- 'cover', sri- ‘resort', śru- ‘hear', su- 'press', sr- 'flow', stu- 'praise', spr-'win', sru- 'flow', hu- 'sacrifice', hr- 'take', hvr- or hru- 'be crooked'. Two other roots, gam- 'go', and han- 'strike', are modified so as to end in short a (representing the sonant nasal) before adding the suffix: -gá-t and há-t. These stems are mostly m. and f. Neuter cases are very rare, occurring from five or six stems only. The inflexion is exactly the same as that of the stems in radical -t. 186 - - - I isu-kyteva here may, however, be a D. sing. for işukyte va; see LANMAN 468. With double ending once (1. 1294) bytsú-șu. 2 - Inflexion. 308. Sing. N. m. with -krt: anukama-kŕt 'acting according to desire', abhisti-krt 'giving help', aji-kŕt 'instituting a contest', īsana-krt 'acting as a lord', ṛṣi-kŕt 'making into a seer', khaja-kŕt 'causing the din of battle', iyotiş-krt 'causing light', tanu-kit 'preserving life', pathi-kit 'path-making', puru-kit 'doing much', purva-kit (VS. xx. 36) 'active from of old', bhadra- krt 'bestowing blessings', uloka-kŕt 'procuring free space', vayas-kŕt 'creating youthful vigour', varivo-kŕt 'bestowing freedom', vijesa-kŕt 'procuring victory', su-kŕt 'acting well', steya-kŕt 'committing theft', syona-kŕt 'causing comfort', svista-kŕt (VS. 11. 9) 'offering right sacrifice'; with jit: apsu-jít 'con- quering in the waters', ab-jit 'winning waters', abhimāti-jít (VS. XXVII. 3) 'conquering foes', aśva-jít 'winning horses', rta-jít (VS. xvII. 83) winner of right, go-jit 'winning kine', dhana-jit 'winning booty', ranya-jit winning in battle', ratha-jit ‘winning chariots', višva-jít 'all-conquering', samsrsta-jít 'con- quering combatants', satya-jít (VS. xvII. 83) "winner of truth', satrā-jit ‘wholly victorious', samarya-jit 'winning battles', sahasra-jit 'conquering a thousand', sena-jit (VS. xv. 19) 'conquering armies', svar-jít 'winning heaven', hiranya-jit 'winning gold'; with other roots: acyuta-kşit (VS. v. 13) 'dwelling immovably'; acyuta-cyút 'shaking what is firm³; á-dāra-sṛt (AV.) ‘not falling into a crack'; a-kṣit 'dwelling'; rna-cit 'avenging guilt', rta-cit 'observing sacred order'; 3 This suffix -t partakes of the character of a root determinative, as roots in -i-u-r are hardly ever used without it as nominal stems.