Page:Vedic Grammar.djvu/195

 VI. DECLENSION. NOUNS. CONSONANT STEMS. 185 There are besides only two radical stems ending in -d, id-¹ 'praise', and id-² 'refreshment'. Of the former occurs only the sing. I. īḍá; of the latter only the sing. I. idá and the G. idás ³. 3. Dental Stems. 305. Stems ending in all the dental mutes as well as the nasal are of frequent occurrence except those in th. There are radical stems ending in each of the dentals, but no derivative stems in th or -dh. The distinction of strong and weak appears with slight exceptions only in the derivative stems in -ant and -an. 306. Stems in radical -t. The only four monosyllabic stems occurring are feminine substantives: dyút- 'splendour', nýt- 'dancing', pýt- ‘battle', vŕt-4 'hostile array'. There are also two reduplicated stems, which are primarily adjectives: cikit- 'knowing' (Vcit-) and didyút- 'shining'. The rest are com- pounds, used mostly in the masculine or feminine. Neuter cases occur from only four of them: aksi-pát- 'falling into the eye', án-apā-vrt- 'not turning away', tri-výt 'three-fold', sam-yát-5 'continuous'. Inflexion. The forms occurring would, if made from tri-vŕt-, be as follows: Sing. N. m. f. tri-výt (also n.). A. m. f. tri-výtam.. - I. m. f. tri-vŕta (also n.). D. m. f. tri-výte. - Ab. G. m. f. tri-vŕtas. - L. n. tri-výti (AV.). Du. N. A. m. f. tri-vŕta, tri-vŕtau. L. f. tri-vŕtos. Pl. N. A. m. f. tri-vŕtas. — I. n. tri-výdbhis (AV.). — G. m. f. tri-vŕtām. - L. f. tri-vŕtsu. - V. m. f. tri-vrtas. - The forms actually ocurring are the following: Sing. N. m. ana-výt 'not returning', ábandhu-krt (AV.) 'not cutting off kin', eka-výt (AV.) ‘one-fold', 'simple', cikit 'knowing', tri-výt (VS. x. 10) 'triple', pra-výt (VS. xv. 9), manaś-cit 'thinking in the mind', mula-kit (AV.) 'cutting roots', vipas-cit 'inspired', vi-vŕt (VS.xv.9), visu-výt 'rolling in various directions', sa-výt (VS. xv. 9), su-výt 'turning well'. f. cit (VS.Iv.19) 'thought'; apa-cit (AV.) a noxious insect, didyút 'shining', vi-dyút 'flashing'. - n. eka-vịt (AV.), tri-výt: as adv. aksi-pát ‘a little' and ánapa-vrt 'unremittingly'. - — A. m. a-citam 'unthinking', eka-výtam (AV.), ghrta-ścútam ‘sprinkling ghee', tri-výtam, duś-citam (AV.) 'thinking evil', madhu-ścútam distilling sweetness', vipaś-citam, visu-výtam, su-vŕtam, huras-citam 'plotting deceit'.- f. dyútam, vŕtam; a-vŕtam turning home', ghrta-ścútam, vi-cŕtam 'loosening', vi-dyútam, vipaś-citam, sam-yátam, sam-výtam (AV.) 'approach', sam-crtam 'union'. I. m. tri-vŕta, vipas-cita (VS. IV. 32), su-vŕtā. — f. dyutá, vṛtá; a-cita 'attention', ghrta-scuta, tri-vŕta, pra-cáta 'with concealment' (adv.), vi-dyútā.- n. sam-yáta, tri-vŕta (AV.). - D. m. a-cíte, tri-výte (VS. xv. 9), pra-výte (VS. xv. 9), vipaš-cíte, vi-vŕte (VS. xv. 9), sa-výte (VS. xv. 9), su-dyúte. f. vi-dyúte. Ab. m. tri-výtas (VS. XIII. 54), vi-dyútas7. f. didyútas. ¹ Cp. above 17, 5. 2 Derived from s 'refreshment' which is of very frequent occurrence; cp. above P. 35, note 1. 3 This form is regarded by GRASSMANN in one passage (VII. 47¹) as an A. pl.: cp. LANMAN 466. 4 vŕt- occurs once in the dual as a fem. ad- jective. -1 — 5 From yat- 'unite'. 6 From krt- 'cut'; but it may be 'not relative-making' (kr-t); see WHITNEY's note on AV. IV. 19¹. 7 The Ab. didyót (TS. 1. 8. 14¹) and vidyot (VS. xx. 2) are probably irregular formations. due to parallelism; cp. LANMAN 468.