Page:Vedic Grammar.djvu/183

 V. COMPOUNDS. BAHUVRĪHIS. 173 'around' and 'toward', áva ‘down', 'away', á 'near', úd 'upward', úpa ‘near', ni 'down', nis ‘away', pári ‘around', prá 'in front', 'very', práti ‘againsť, ví 'apart', sám 'together'. Of these úpa is used thus in the RV. only, while antár, áva, ní appear in the later Samhitas only. The following are examples of compounds thus formed in the alphabetical order of the prepositions: áty-ūrmi- 'overflowing', áti-cchandas- (VS.) 'having redundant metres' (verse); ádhi-nirnij- 'having a garment on', ádhy-aksa- 'having an eye on', 'overseer'; antar-davá- (AV.) 'having fire within'; ápodaka- 'waterless', apa-rtú- (AV.) 'un- seasonable'; abhi-vīra- and abhi-satvan- 'having heroes around', abhi-rupa- (AV.) ‘beautiful', abhi-şená- 'directing arrows'; ava-kesá- (AV.) 'having hair hanging down', áva-toka- (AV. VS.) 'miscarrying'; á-deva- 'having the gods near', 'devoted to the gods', á-manas- (AV. TS.) 'kindly disposeď'; út-saktha- (VS.) 'having the thighs raised', úd-ojas- 'highly powerful'; upa-manyú- 'having zeal at hand', 'zealous', ipa-vasu- 'bringing riches near'; ní-manyu- (AV.) 'whose anger has subsided', ni-vakṣas- (TS. v. 6. 23¹) 'having a sunken breast', ni-kūlá- (VS.) 'going down hill', ni-kilbișá- ‘deliverance from sin' ('that in which sin has subsided'); nír-jarāyu- (AV.) ‘having cast its skin', nir-maya- 'powerless', nir-hasta- (AV.) ‘handless'; pari-mará- (TS.v.6.21¹) 'having death around' round whom people have died', pari-manyú- 'very angry'; pra-śrigá- (VS. TS.) 'having prominent homs', prá-tvakṣas- ‘very energetic'; prá-maņas- (AV.) 'very thoughtful'; práti-rūpa- 'having a corresponding form', ‘like', prati- vartmán- (AV.) 'having an opposite course', práti-veśa- 'neighbour' ('living opposite'); vi = 'apart': vi-karná- (AV.) 'having ears far apart', ví-sakha- (AV.) 'branched', vy-àmsa- 'having the shoulders apart', 'broad-shouldered'; = 'extensive': vi-manas- 'wide-minded', 'sagacious', ví-hayas- 'of extensive power'; 'divided': vy-adhvá- (AV.) 'having a divided course' = 'being midway between zenith and earth'; = 'various': vy-àilaba- (AV.) 'making all kinds of noises'; 'divergent': vi-pathi- 'following wrong paths', vi- vrata- 'refractory'; 'distorted': vi-griva- 'having a twisted neck', vy-anga- (AV.) 'having distorted limbs'; = 'different': ví-rupa- 'having a different form', vi-vacas- (AV.) 'speaking differently'; 'devoid of', 'less': vi-maya- 'devoid of magic', vy-ènas- 'guiltless'; sám-hanu- (AV.) 'striking the jaws together'. = — = b. Adverbs with a local meaning, which are akin to prepositions, also frequently appear as first member of Bahuvrīhis, being generally speaking equivalent in sense to predicative adjectives. Examples of such Bahuvrīhis in the alphabetical order of the adverbs are the following: adhás 'below' : adhó- varcas- (AV.) 'powerful below'; ánti 'near': ánti-mitra- (VS.) 'having friends at hand', ánti-sumna- (AV.) 'having benevolence at hand', ánty-úti- 'having aid at hand'; avás 'down': avó-deva- 'attracting the gods down'; āré 'afar': āré-agha- 'having evil far-removeď, āré-śatru- (AV.) 'whose foes are far away'; itás 'hence': itá-uti- 'helping from hence'; ihá 'here': ihéha-matr- 'whose mothers are, the one here, the other there'; ihá-kratu- (AV.) ‘whose will is hitherward', ihá-citta- (AV.) 'whose thought is hitherward'; ŕdhak ‘apart': ŕdhan-mantra- (AV¹.) 'having a special sacred text''; kuhayá 'where?': kuhayā- krti- (only voc.) 'where active?'; daksina-tás 'on the right' : daksinatás-kaparda- 'having a coil of hair on the right'; nicá 'downward': nicá-vayas- 'whose strength is low'; purás 'in front' : puro-rathá- 'whose car is in front', puro- vasu- (TS. III. 2. 5¹) 'preceded by wealth' (only voc.); pracá 'forward' : praca- iihva- 'moving the tongue forward, prācā-manyu- (only voc.) 'striving forward'. ¹ According to WHITNEY on AV. v. 1¹; BR., pw. 'lacking speech'; LUDWIG 'of distinguished meditations'.