Page:Vedic Grammar.djvu/140

 I. ALLGEMEINES UND SPRACHE. 4. VEDIC GRAMMAR. I. Of derivatives accented on the suffix there are more than 60 adjectives; e. g. ak-rá- 'swift', ug-rá- 'mighty', cit-rá- ‘bright', tu-rá- 'strong', mū-rá- 'stupid', sak-rá- 'mighty', suk-rá- 'bright', hims-rá- ‘injurious', Sub- stantives are: m. us-rá- 'bull', kṣu-rá- 'razor', mrdh-rá- 'foe', rud-rá-, N. of a god, vam-rá- ‘ant', vī-rá-'man', sūd-rá- ‘man of the fourth caste'; n. abh-rá- 'cloud', kṛcch-rá- 'distress', krū-rá- (AV. VS.) ‘wound', kṣī-rá- ‘milk', khid-rá- 'weight', rip-rá- 'defilement', si-rá- plough'; f. hi-rā- (AV. VS.) 'vein'. 130 a. With connecting vowel -a-: drav-a-rá- 'running', pat-a-rá- 'flying', ny-oc-a-rá- (AV.) 'suiting'¹; n. gambh-a-rá- 'depth', tas-a-rá- 'shuttle'²; with i: aj-i-rá- 'swift', iş-i-rá- 'lively', dhvas-i-rá- 'stirring up', badh-i-rá- 'deaf', mad- i-rá- 'pleasing', rudh-i-rá- (AV.) 'red', sphi-rá- ‘fat'; m. khad-i-rá-, a kind of tree; n. sar-i-rá- (VS.) 'wave'; with 7: gabh-i-rá- and gambh-i-rá- 'deep'; with u: amh-u-rá- 'narrow', vith-u-rá- 'tottering'. 2. Of stems accented on the root the only adjectives are: gidh-ra- 'greedy', tum-ra- 'stout', dhi-ra- 'wise', vip-ra- 'inspired'; substantives are: m. áj-ra- 'field', ind-ra-, N. of a god, váj-ra- 'thunderbolt', várdh-ra- (AV.) 'girth', sú-ra- 'hero'; n. ág-ra- 'point', n. ág-ra- 'point', rándh-ra- 'hollow', svábh-ra- 'pit'; f. dha-ra- 'stream', sip-ra- jaw', sú-ra- 'intoxicating liquor'. a. With connecting vowel -i-: stháv-i-ra- ‘firm'; m. áng-i-ra-, N. of a seer, ás-i-ra- 'missile'; with --: sáv-i-ra- 'mighty'; n. sár-i-ra- 'body'; with u: m. ás-u-ra- 'spirit', bák-u-ra- ‘trumpet'. a. A few of these derivatives are compounded with prepositions: ni-ci-rá-'attentive', ni-mrg-ra- 'attached'; m. a-kha-rá- 'lair', sam-ud-rá- 'sea'. -ri: agent. 172. This suffix forms adjectives as well as m. and f. substantives. It is sometimes added with connecting -u-. The root is more frequently accented than the suffix. I. Adjectives are: bhú-ri- 'abundant', vádh-ri- ‘emasculated', subh-ri- 'beautiful'; with connecting -u-: jás-u-ri- ‘exhausted, dás-u-ri- ‘pious', sáh-u-ri- 'mighty'. 2. Substantives are: m. ángh-ri- (VS.) 'foot', jī-ri- 'flowing water', sū-ri- 'patron'; f. ábh-ri- (AV. VS.) 'hoe', ás-ri- ‘edge', ús-ri- 'dawn', vánk-ri- 'rib'; with connecting -u-: ang-ú-ri- 'finger'; -rī occurs in tand-ri- (AV.) 'weariness'. -ru : agent. 173. This rare suffix forms adjectives and a very few neuter substantives. It is added either directly to the root or with a preceding -a-, -a-, or -e-.. Either the root or the suffix may be accented. I. Adjectives are: cá-ru- 'dear', dha-ri- (AV.) 'sucking', pé-ru- 'causing to swell' (pī-), bhī-rú- ‘timid'; ar-á-ru- 'hostile', pat-á-ru- 'flying'; jáb-ā-ru-3 (RV¹.) 'speeding', piy-a-ru- 'reviling', vand-a-ru- 'praising', sar-a-ru- 'injurious'; mad-e-rú- intoxicating', san-é-ru-4 'obtaining'. 2. Substantives are: n. ás-ru- 'tear', śmás-ru- 'beard'. -la : agent. 174. This rare suffix, a later form of -ra, is equivalent in sense and use to the latter, sometimes also interchanging with it. It forms adjectives and a bharvará (of doubtful meaning) is probably a secondary formation, and vasará- 'matutinal' seems to be derived from vasar- 'morning'. 2 Also -7kşará "thorn' m. in an-rkşará- thornless'. 3 Perhaps for *jáv-ā-ru- from jū- 'speed'. 4 The suffix is secondary in mitré-ru- ally'.