Page:Vedic Grammar.djvu/133

 IV. NOMINAL STEM FORMATION. PRIMARY NOMINAL DERIVATION. 123 b. The suffix is added to a secondary stem in ján-aya-ti- (VS.) f. ‘generation'; it seems to have a secondary character in viva-ti- f. 'maiden', adj. 'young'. It is secondary in paksa-ti (VS.) 'root of the wing'; in the numerals vimsa-ti- '20', sas-ti- '60', and others; in pank-ti- f. 'set of five'; in the pronominal words ká-ti 'how many?', tá-ti (AV.) 'so many', yá-ti ‘as many as'; and în addhā-ti- m. ‘sage', formed from the adverb ad-dhắ “truly’. -tu : action and agent. 149. The great majority of the words derived with this suffix are infinitives appearing in the form of the dative, ablative-genitive, and accusative cases. Besides these, there are a few action nouns used independently, and still fewer agent nouns. The root is usually accented and takes Guņa; but the suffix is accented in some half dozen instances, in two or three of which the radical syllable is weakened. The gender is usually masculine, but a few feminines and neuters also occur. I. Accented on the root: m. ó-tu- 'weft' (va- 'weave'), krá-tu- 'capacity' (kr- ‘make’), tán-tu- 'thread', -dhà-tu-² ‘element', sák-tu- ‘groats’ ( √/ sañj-), sé-tu- 'bond' (si- 'bind'), só-tu- ‘libation' (su- 'press'), dhá-tu- adj. 'drinkable' (dhe- 'birth'; n. da-tu- ‘division' (dā- ‘divide'), vás-tu-4 ‘abode' (vas- ‘dwell’'). 2. Accented on the suffix: m. ak-ti- 'ray' (añj- 'anoint'), gã-tu- 'way' (ga- 'go') and 'song' (gã- 'sing'), jan-tú- ‘creature', he-tú- 'cause' (hi- 'impel'); with weak radical vowel: r-ti- 'season', pi-tu- 'drink' (pi- 'swell') 5. a. The suffix is attached in a few instances (as in some infinitives) with connecting -: dur dhár-i-tu- 'irresistible', su-háv-i-tu- 'to be successfully invoked', tur-phár-i-tu-6. b. The suffix appears in a few instances to be attached to a present or a secondary conjugational stem: edha-tú- m. "welfare' (édha-te 'thrives'), tapya-ti- adj. 'glowing' (tapyá-te 'is heated'), vaha-tú- m. 'wedding' (váha-ti 'conveys'), siṣāsá-tu-7 'desirous of obtaining'; jīvá-tú- f. 'life' (jiva-ti- 'lives'). c. Derivatives formed with t are in several instances compounded with the particles dus- and su: dur-dhår-i-tu- and dur-dhár-tu- 'irresistible', dur-vár-tu- 'difficult to ward off', dus-tár-i-tu- 'unconquerable', su-yán-tu- 'guiding well, su-śró-tu- hearing willingly', su-hán-tu- 'easy to slay'; also with a pronoun in sváit going one's own (sva-) gait' (etu-). -tna : action and agent. 150. This suffix is very rare, occurring only in cyau-tná- n. 'concussion', adj. 'animating' (cyu- 'stir') and in rá-tna- n. 'gift' (ra- 'give'). -tnu : agent. 151. This suffix, which is always accented, forms more than a dozen adjectives and a few substantives. It is added to the root either directly or more commonly with the connecting vowel -a- (which probably belongs to the present stem) or i- (which is almost exclusively used with causative stems). 1. Attached directly to the root: kr-tnú- 'active', dar-tnú- m. ‘breaker', ha-tnú- 'deadly' (√han-); with reduplication: jiga-tnú- ‘hastening' (gam- ‘go'), jigha-tní- 'harming' (han- 'strike'). 2. With connecting -a-: kav-a-tnú-8 'miserly', piy-a-tnú- 'reviling' (piya-ti 2 Only in the compounds tri-dhátu-' three- and its meaning is obscure. [Cp. Mahabhāṣya fold' and saptá-dhatu- 'sevenfold'. Vol. 1, p. 363, 1. 25.] 3 Without Guna. 7 From the desiderative stem of să- 'obtain'. 8 Cp. WHITNEY, Roots, under kū- 'design'. 4 With lengthened a. 5 kŕtv-as 'times' is probably an acc. pl. of a stem ký-tu- ‘making’. Cp. BB. 25, 294.
 * suck'); m. mán-tu- 'adviser'; f. vás-tu- 'morning' (vas- ‘shine'), sú-tu-³ (AV.)
 * The infinitives always accent the root (105). | 6 The derivation of this word is uncertain