Page:Vedic Grammar.djvu/132

 122 I. ALLGEMEINES UND SPRACHE. 4. VEDIC GRAMMAR. -tas : action. 147. This suffix is identical in meaning with -as, being used to form neuter action nouns which have acquired a concrete meaning. It is very rare, occurring only in ré-tas- 'semen' (ri- 'flow') and sró-tas- 'stream', 'current' (sru- 'flow'). -ti: action and agent. 148. This suffix is used to form a large number of feminine action nouns; it also appears in a few agent nouns employed either as adjectives or masculine substantives'. The root generally has the same weak form as appears before the ta of the past passive participle²; it is, however, more often accented than the suffix. In a few words the suffix is added with the connecting vowels -a-, -i- or -1-. 1. Action nouns. With accent on the suffix are formed e. g. iş-țí- 'desire' (is 'seek'), -ti- 'aid' (Vav-), kir-ti 'praise' (kr- 'commemorate'), dhau-ti 'stream' (dhav- 'flow'), pi-ti- 'draught' (pa- 'drink'), pur-ti- 'reward' (pr- 'fill'), bhak-ti- 'distribution' (bhaj- 'divide'), ma-ti- 'thought' (man- 'think'), rā-tí- 'gift' (rā- 'give'), rī-ti- 'flow' (ri- 'flow'), vis-ti- 'work' (vis- 'be active'), stu-ti 'praise'; from the reduplicated root: carkr-ti- 'praise' (kr- 'comme- morate'); with connecting -a-3: amh-a-ti- 'distress', drs-a-ti- 'appearance', mith-a-ti- 'conflict', vas-a-ti- 'abode'. With accent on the root are formed e. g. is-ti- 'offering' (√yaj-), gá-ti- 'motion' (Vgam-), di-ti- ‘liberality' (dā- ‘give'), výd-dhi- 'increase' (Vurdh-), śán-ti- (AV. VS.) ‘repose' (√ šam-); from the reduplicated root didhi-ti- ‘devotion' (dhi- 'think')*; with connecting -a-: ám-a-ti-5 'indigence' (am- 'be afflicted'). a. The derivative di-ti- 'giving' when used as the final member of a compound is reduced to -tti-: bhága-tti-, maghá-tti-, vásu-tti-; above 26 a 2. 2. Agent nouns. These are rare, amounting to hardly 20 in number. Accented on the suffix: jña-ti- m. 'relative', pat-ti- m. (AV. VS.) 'pedestrian', rā-ti- 'willing to give'; with connecting -a-: ar-a-ti- m. ‘servant', khal-a-ti- (VS.) 'bald', and with accent on the connecting vowel vrk-á-ti- m. 'murderer'. Accented on the root: m. dhi-ti- 'shaker', pá-ti- 'master', mús-ti- 'fist', sáp-ti 'steed'; adjectives: dhŕs-ți- (VS.) 'bold', pí-ti- (AV.) ‘putrid', vás-ți- 'eager'; and from the reduplicated root jigar-ti- m. ‘swallower'; with connecting vowels: ám-a-ti- 'poor', rám-a-ti- (AV. TS.) ‘liking to stay', rj-i-ti- 'glowing', turv-i-ti-, N. of a man (turv- tur, tr- 'overcome'), dabh-i-ti-6, N. of a man¹7, snéh-a-ti- 'carnage' and snīh-i-ti- (SV.). a. These derivatives are often compounded with prepositions 8, which are almost always accented; thus ánu-ma-ti- 'assent', abhiti- 'attack' (abhi-iti-), á-hu-ti- 'offering', nir-r-ti- dissolution', vy-áp-ti-(AV.) ‘attainment', sám-ga-ti- 'coming together', abhi-mā-ti- ‘insidious' (man- 'think')9; with suffix accented, only a-sak-ti- 'pursuit', à-su-ti- 'brew' (√/su-) and 'enlivening' (\/sū-); also abhi-s-ti- m. 'helper' beside abhi-s-ti- f. 'help'. I See the list in GRASSMANN, Wörterbuch | fatuated' (also á-drp-ta-). These are, however, 1719-21; LINDNER p. 76-79. the only two examples. 2 The roots tan- 'stretch', ram- 'rest', han- 'strike' may retain the nasal: tán-ti- f. 'cord', rán-ti 'enjoyment' (AV. VS. TS.) beside rá-ti- (VS.), á-han-ti- (VS¹.) beside á-ha-ti- 'uninjured condition'. 5 But with the connecting -a- accented: am-á-ti- 'lustre', ram-á-ti- (AV.) ‘haunt', vrat- á-ti- 'creeper'. 6 This word may be a compound (*dabhi- iti-). 7 yayáti-, N. of a man, is according to BR. and GRASSMANN derived from yat- 3 The-a- here often, if not always, belongs to a verbal stem. 8 See LINDNER p. 77 f. 4 Roots which have the connecting -i- in | 'stretch'. the past participle, do not take it here: gup-ti- (AV.) 'protection' beside gup-i-tá-, prá- 9 Compounded with a noun: kúma-ka-ti- drp-ti- 'arrogance' beside á-drp-i-ta- 'not in- | 'requiring the fulfilment of a wish'.