Page:Vedic Grammar.djvu/113

 III.^ Accent. Accent of Nominal Verb Forms. 103

'to be addressed'; abhy-a-yams-^nya- 'allowing oneself to be drawn near'; a-mantr-aniya- (AV.) 'to be addressed'.

105. Infinitives are as a rule accented like ordinary nominal cases formed from the same stems.

a. The dative infinitive from root stems accents the ending; e. g. drs-e 'to see', but when compounded, the root; e. g. sam-idh-e 'to kindle', abhi-pra- Cilks-e (i. 113^) 'to see'. Those formed from stems in -as generally accent that suffix, but sometimes the radical syllable; e. g. car-ds-e 'to fare', but cdks-as-e 'to see'. Those formed from stems in -i and -ti accent the suffix; e. g. drs-dy-e 'to see', p-tdy-e 'to drink'. Those from stems in -tu accent the root, as bhdr4av-e; also those from stems in -tava, but with a secondary accent on the final syllable, as gdn-tavdi. When these two forms are com- pounded with prepositions, the latter are accented; e. g. prd-vantave'' 'to win', dpa-bhartavdi 'to be taken away', the latter retaining its final accent as well. When there are two prepositions, the first may be independent and accented as well; e. g. vi prd-sartave (vm. 67") 'to spread'. Infinitives formed with -dhyai generally accent the preceding a of the verbal stem, but sometimes the root; e. g. iyd-dhyai 'to go', but gdma-dhyai 'to go'. Those formed from stems in -man accent the root; e. g. dd-man-e 'to give', except vid-mdn-e 'to know* ; from stems in -van there are da-vdn-e 'to give', tur-vdn-e 'to excel', but dhUr-vati-e 'to injure' ( Y'^^W') '■

b. The accusative infinitive if formed from a radical stem accents the root even when compounded with a preposition; e. g. h'tbh-am 'to shine', a-sdd-am 'to sit down'; if formed from a stem in -tu, it accents the root in a simple stem, but the preposition in a compounded stem; e. g. di-tum 'to give', prd-bkar-tum 'to present', dnu prd-volhum 'to advance' 3.

c. The ablative-genitive infinitive, if formed from radical stems, which here occur only in combination with prepositions, accents the root; e. g. ava- pdd-as '(from) falling down'; if formed from a stem in -tu, the root in a simple stem, but the preposition in a compound stem; e. g. gan-tos 'going', ni-dha-tos 'putting down'.

d. The locative infinitive if formed from radical stems accents the ending in the simple form, but the root in the compounded form; e. g. budh-i 'at the waking', but sam-dfs-i 'on seeing'. The one locative infinitive formed from a stem in -tar, and those from stems in -san accent the suffix; e. g. dhar-tdr-i 'to bestow', ne-sdn-i 'to lead'.

106. Uncompounded gerunds formed with -tvT, -tva, tvaya accent the suffix, while the compounded gerunds'- formed with -yd or -tya accent the root; e, g. ga-tvi 'having gone', bhu-tvd 'having become', ga-tvdya 'having gone'; sam-gfbh-ya 'gathering', upa-sru-tya (AV.) 'having overheard'.

107. Case-forms used as adverbs frequently show a shift of accent. This appears oftenest in the accusative neuter. Thus drav-dt 'quickly', but drdv-ant- 'running', probably also drah-ydt^ 'stoutly'; apardm 'later', but dparam as neuter adjective; d-vyus-dm (AV.) 'till dawn'^; and the adverbs in -vat, as angiras-vdt 'like Angiras', vianus-vdt 'as Manus did', purana-vdt,

I The infinitive from stems in -tu in all its cases accents the preposition ; e. g. sam- hartum 'to collect', dpi-dhaiave 'to cover up', ava-gantos 'of descending'.

^ A preposition is occasionally uncom- pounded with or separated from the infinitive, when both are accented, as pra daiidne (IV. 32^; v.653)j p'A dasiise datave (iv. 20").

3 When there are two prepositions, the

first is independent and therefore also accented.

4 The preposition is here always in- separable.

5 Which seems to be formed from an irregular present participle of drk- 'be firm'.

6 The ordinary A. of vj-us- 'dawn' would be vyus-am.