Page:Vedic Grammar.djvu/111

 III. Accent. Verbal Accent.

3. In the reduplicated aorist the only accented form in the subjunctive seems to be vocati;- in the injunctive, either the redupHcative syllable or the root is accented; e. g. sing. 2. ninas-as, sisrdikas, 3. piparat and pTpdrat; in the optative, the thematic vowel or the ending; e. g. pi. i. vocema, cucyuv-t- nidhi; in the imperative, the thematic vowel or the ending; e. g. du. 2.jigr-tdm, ■pl.jtgr-id, susudd-ta (AV.).

4. The s-aorist accents the root in the subjunctive; e. g. ddr-s-a-t {dr- 'split'), ydk-s-a-t {yaj- 'sacrifice'), du. 2. pdr-s-a-thas (pr- 'take across'); the root in the injunctive as far as can be judged from the extremely few accented forms, as mid. sing. i. vdm-s-i {van- 'win'); the ending' in the optative, as mid. bing. i. bhak-s-i-yd ( ybhaj-), pi. dkuk-s-T-mdhi {duh- 'milk'); in the imperative no accented forms occur; the participle accents the root in the active, as ddk-s-ant- {dak- 'burn'), but in the irregularly formed middle^ nearly always the suffix, as arc-a-s-and-, but oh-a-s-ana- (527).

5. The AS-aorist accents the root in the subjunctive; e. g. sing. 3. bodh- is-a-t; the root in the injunctive, e. g. sing. 2. mdt/i-is, but once the ending in pi. 3. tar-is-i'ir (AV.); the ending in the optative; e. g. sing. i. edh-is-'iyd (AV.); the ending in the imperative; e. g. sing. 2. av-id-dhi, du. 2. av-is-tdm.

6. In the s/s-aorist no accented forms occur except one in the imperative, where the ending has the acute, du. 2. ya-sis-tdm.

7. The sa-aorist accents that syllable in the injunctive, as pi. 3. dhuk-sd-nta (but once sing. 3. dhuk-sa-td), and in the imperative, as sing. .2. dhuk-sd-sva ( Yduh-'). No subjunctive or optative forms occur.

100. The future. — The accent in all forms of this tense remains on the suffix -syd- or -i-syd; e. g. sing. 3. e-syd-ti (AV.) 'he will go' {Yi-)', sing. i. stav-i-sydmi 'I shall praise' ( Ystu-), 3. kar-i-sydti 'he will do' {Ykr-^; participle kar-i-sydtit- 'about to do'.

loi. Secondary conjugations. — All these, except the active form of the intensive, accent the same syllable of the stem throughout. They are the causative, the denominative, the passive, the secondary form of the intensive, and the desiderative, the stem of all of which ends in -a. The causative accents the penultimate syllable of the stem; e. g. krodh-dya- 'enrage'.— The passive, the secondary form of the intensive, and the denominative, accent the suffix -yd; e. g. pan-yd-te 'is admired'; rerih-yd-te ■"licks repeatedly'; gopa-ydnti 'they protect'. A certain number of unmistakable denominatives, however, have the causative accent; e. g. inantrd-ya-te 'takes counsel'. — The desiderative accents the reduplicative syllable; e. g. pipri- sa-ti. — The primary form of the intensive agrees in accentuation with the third or reduphcating class of verbs, that is, it accents the reduplicative syllable in the strong forms, but the endings with initial consonant in the weak forms of the indicative active; e. g. sing. 2>- Johav-T-ti, Ay.i.jar-bhr-tds, pi. 3. vdr-vrt-ati. In the middle indicative, however, the reduplicative syllable is more often accented than not; e. g. te-tik-te and nenik-te. In the subjunctive the reduplicative syllable is regularly accented; e. g. sing. :^. Jdngkan-a-t, but once the root in sing. 1. jangMn-ani; mid. pi. t,. jdnghan-anta, but once the ending in du. 3. tantas-dite. No accented form of the optative occurs. In the imperative the ending is accented; e. g. sing. 2. jagr-hi, car-kr-tat. In the participle, both active and middle, the reduplicative syllable is regularly accented; e. g. cekit-at-, cekit-ana-; there are, however, two exceptions in the middle: badbadJi-atid- and marmrj-and- {^afi^).

1 Once the root is accented in the irregular form du. 2. tra-s-i-tham.

2 The root is accented in two middle

participles irregularly formed with -viana. ha-s-a-7nana- and dht-s-a-mana-.