Page:Vedic Grammar.djvu/109

Rh formed, accents the root, as 3. sing, cakan (Ykan-), 3. sing, rardn (Yran-), 1. sing, ciketam {Ycit-); when formed with thematic -a, it accents that vowel, as 3. pi. cakrpa-nta. The aorist if formed with -sa, accents that syllable, e. g. 3. pi. dhuk-sa-n, dhuk-sd-nta (from dnh- 'milk'); if formed with -s, it accents the root, as may be inferred from i. sing, vdm-s-i (from van- 'win'), the only accented example occurring; if formed with -is-, it accents the root, e. g. I. sing, sdms-is-am'^ . If formed from the root, it accents the radical vowel in the singular active, but the endings elsewhere, as 3. sing, vark ( ]/'vrj-), but 2. sing. mid. nut-thas ( Ynud-). If formed from the root with thematic -a, it usually follows the analogy of the present «-class, e. g. ruhd-m, bhujd-t, vidd-t, budhd-nta; in several instances, however, it accents the root, as dra-nta (r- 'go'); sdra-t {sr- 'flow'); sdda-tam {sad- 'sit'); sdna-t {san- 'gain') but opt. sane'ma; vdca-f {vac- 'speak') but opt. voceyam. The reduplicated aorist usually accents the reduplicative syllable, as 2. sing, didharas, ninas'as, Ty.svxg. piparat, sisvap, jijanat, -^X. jijaiian; but sometimes the root, as 2. sing. Usrdthas, 3. sing. pipdrat, sihidthat. Passive aorists accent the root, e. g. dhd-y-i, srdv-i, vM-i, jdn-i, pdd-i, sdd-i.

97. Present system. — -i. Throughout the present system of the a-conjugation the accent remains on the same syllable of the stem in all moods; on the radical syllable in verbs of the first and fourth classes; e. g. bhdva-ti from bhu- 'be', ndh-ya-ti from nah- 'bind'; on the thematic -a in the sixth class ; e. g. tudd-ti from tud- 'strike'.

2. In the second or graded conjugation, the singular indicative active, the whole of the subjunctive, and the 3. sing, imperative active' accent the stem, while all other forms accent the endings^. In the strong forms the radical syllable is accented in the second class; generally the reduplicative syllable, but sometimes the root, in the third class; the suffix in the fifth, eighth, seventh, and ninth; e. g. 3. sing. ind. ds-ti, subj. ds-a-t, impv. ds-tu, from as- 'be', 2nd cl.; 3. sing. ind. bi-bhar-ti from bhr- 'bear', 3rd cl.; 3. sing. ind. kr-nc-ti, subj. kr-ndv-a-t, 2. pi. impv. kr-m-ta, and kr-no-tana from /It- 'make', 5'h cl.; 3. sing. subj. man-dv-a-te ixom. man- 'think', Stl^cL; i. %v!g.'mA.yu-nd-j-miy 3. sing. subj. jyu-nd-j-a-t ixova yuj- 'join', 7th cl.; 3. sing. ind. grb/i-nd-ti, 2. sing. subj. grbh-nd-s from grabh- 'seize', 9'hcl.; but 2. sing. impv. ad-dhi, 3. pi. opt. ad-yi'ir from ad- 'eat', 2nd cl.; i. pi. ind. bi-bhr-mdsi; 1. sing. ind. xsaA.kr-nv-S, 2. sing. impv. kr-nu-kl; i. pL opt. van-u-ydma, 3. pi. impv. van-v-dntu from van- 'win', 8'h cl.; 3. sing. TmA. yunk-te, 2. sing. impv. mid. yunk-svd; i. pi. ind. gr-ni-mdsi,

2. sing. impv. gr-ni-hl from gr- 'praise', g'li cl.

a. Irregularities. In the second or root class, several verbs accent the radical syllable throughout: si- 'lie' does so besides taking Guna; e.g. I. sing, say-e, 2, sing. ie-se etc. 5 Occasional accentuation of the root in weak forms appears in 2. sing. impv. Jan-i-svad (yjizn.-), mat-sva^mad-), yak-sva[/yaj-), sak-sva 3.Tii sak-sva {/sak-), fdh-a-t, subj. [rdh- 'thrive'), 3. pi. impv. svdp-antu (AV.) and kias-anlu (AV.)7. A few roots of the third class accent the root instead of the reduplicative syllable in the strong forms. These are ci- 'note', mad- 'exhilarate', yic- 'separate', ha- 'sacrifice'; e. g. 2. sing, ci-ke-si (AV.)j

3. sing. subj. ma-mad-a-t, $. sing. impv. ma-mdi-iu; $. sing. snhj. yu-ydv-a-i, 2. pi. impv. yii-ya- iatia; 3. sing. /«<-/i(J-6'. Occasional forms thus accented are 2. sing. «>-a>-« (RV'.) froni

1 Of the «>-aorist no accented forms occur.

2 The 2. pi. impv. active often accents the stem, which is then strong, as e-ta, e-tana from i- 'go'; this is sometimes also the case with the 2. du. in -tarn.

3 The final syllable of the ending of the 3. pi. middle is regularly accented in several verbs, as ri-hati, duh-ate; see WHITNEY 61 3, 685, 699; Delbruck, Verbiim 73.

4 These are as- 'sit', Id- 'praise', Tr- 'set in motion'^ is- 'rule', caks- 'see', taks- 'fashion', tra- 'protect', nims- 'kiss', vas- 'clothe', su- 'bring forth'.

5 See Whitney 628 and 629.

6 Op. cit. 631 a.

7 Op. cit. 630.