Page:Vedic Grammar.djvu/105

 III. Accent. Accentuation of Compounds.

95

syllable is regularly accented; e. g. gotra-bhid- 'opening the cowpens', ghrta-

of water'j go-saphd- (VS.) 'cow's hoof, jiva-lokd- 'wo'rld"of the living', indra- sena- 'Indra's missile' {sSna-), krmajind- {KSl. TS.) 'hide {ajina-) of the black antelope', deva-kom-'- (AV.) 'cask {kosa-) of the gods', deua-mand-i 'abode {mana-) of the gods'; uktha-sams-in- 'uttering praise', bhadra-vad-in- 'uttering auspicious cries'.

a. The word pati- 'lord' follows this rule in only a few compounds occurring in the later Samhitas; thus in the AV. : apsard-pati- 'lord of the Apsarases', vraja-pati- 'lord of a troop' {vraja-pati-,^ RV.); in the VS.: amhasas-pati- 'lord of perplexity', upa-pati- 'paramour', edidhisuh-paii- 'husband of a younger sister', nadl-pati- 'lord of rivers' ; in the MS.: ahar-pati- 'lord of day', cit-pati- 'lord of thought', vdk-pati- 'lord of speech'. In a few determinatives pdti- retains its own accent as second member, as nr-pdti- 'lord of men', rayi-pati- 'lord of wealth', ms-pdti- 'lord of the tribe', also the f. in vasu-patnT- 'mistress of wealth', vis-pdtm-i, 'mistress of the tribe'; in the VS. ahar-pdli-, cit-pdti-, vak-pdti-; in the AV. rtupdti- 'lord of proper seasons', pasu-pdti- 'lord of animals' (VS.), pustirpdti- 'lord of welfare', bhuta-pdti- 'lord of beings', slha-pdti-i 'governor'. In compounds with pdti-, however, the first member is usually accented, there being 22 cases in the RV., besides 10 with/a/m-; c. g. grhd-pati- 'lord of the house', go-pati- 'lord of kine', pdsu-pati- 'lord of ^ creatures', medhd-pati-^ 'lord of animal sacrifice' iniedha-), vdsu-pati- 'lord of wealth', vaja-pati- 'lord of booty', svdr-pati- 7 'lord of light' ; grhd-patrii- 'mistress of the house', devd-patnl- 'wife of a god', vaja-patm- 'queen of booty'. In the AV., of 15 new masculines ending in -pati- more than half accent the first member as do all the 8 new ones ending in patnT-; e. g. dtithi-pati- 'entertainer of a. guest'. In the other Samhitas also occur: ksatrd-pati- (VS.) 'lord of dominions', bhuva-pati- (VS.) 'lord of the atmosphere', bhuvana-pati- (VS. TS.) 'lord of beings', bhu-pati- (TS.) 'lord of the world', samvesd-pati- (VS.) 'lord of rest', visnu-paini- (VS. TS.) 'Visnu's wife' 8.

b. Determinatives which have as their second member verbal nouns in -ana'^, adjectives in -i and -van, as well as action nouns in -ya, regularly accent the radical syllable of the second member; e. g. deva-mdd-ana- 'exhilarating the gods', kesa-vdrdh-ana-'^° 'causing the hair to grow'; pathi-rdks-i- 'protecting the road'; soma-pa-van- 'somadrinking', talpa-si-van- 'lying on the couch', pratar-i-t-van-^^ 'coming early'; ahi-hdt-ya- 'slaughter of the dragon', deva- hu-ya- 'invocation of the gods', mantra-sru-t-ya- n. 'listening to counsel', vrtra- tar-ya-^^ 'conquest of Vrtra'.

2. Dependent determinatives, however, which have as their second member past passive participles in -ta and -na or action nouns in -ti accent

1 dugha- retains its original accent, as madhu-dugha- 'yielding mead', kama-diigha- (AV. VS.) 'yielding desires'. A few others have the original accent of the first member: marud-vrdha- 'delighting in the Maruts', divi-caror (AV.) 'moving in the sky', suti-kara- 'active at the Soma offering'. Cp. Whitney 1278.

2 A few accent the penultimate syllable of the final member with shift of the original accent, as godhuma-^ (VS.) 'wheat', iaka- dhuma- (AV.), yama-rajya- (AV. VS.) 'Yama's sway' {rdjyd-); cp. WaCKERNAGEL 2', p. 268, top, note.

3 But deva-yana- 'going to the gods'.

4 Also the Karmadharaya sa-pdtm- 'cowife' and the Bahuvrlhi su-pdtm- 'having a good husband'.

3 Cp. Bloomfield, SBE. 42, 319. 6 In K. medha-paii-.

7 svd-pati- 'one's own lord' is a Karma- dharaya ; as a Bahuvrlhi it is accented sva- pati- (AV.) 'having an own consort'.

8 On doubly accented compounds with ■pati- see below (3).

9 Just as when such nouns are compounded with prepositions.

1° The very few apparent exceptions to this rule are due to these words losing their verbal character ; e. g. yama-sadand- (AV.) 'Yama's realm'.

11 In nidtari-svan- and mdtaribhvan- the suffix is probably -an; here the original accent of the first member (if it is the loc. 7ndidri) has shifted, perhaps owing to the influence of words like prdiar'-i-tvan-.

12 An exception is sadhd-stu-t-ya- 'joint praise'. A few feminines in -ya, which are closely allied to these neuters in -ya, retain their accent on the final syllable, as deva-