Page:Vedic Grammar.djvu/104

 94

I. Allgemeines und Sprache. 4. Vedic Grammar.

a-yoddhf- 'not fighting', a-rajin- 'not shining', a-pra-mrs-ya-'^ 'indestructible', a-budh-ya- 'not to be wakened', an-aty-ud-yd- (AV.) 'unspeakable', an-adhrs-ya- 'unassailable', an-amayi-tnu- 'not making ill'.

a. When, however, the second member ends in -van, -man or -i, or has the form of a gerundive used as a neuter substantive, the penultimate (radical) syllable is accented; e. g. raghu-pdtvan- 'swift-flying', puro-ydvan-'^ 'going in front'; su-tdrman- 'crossing well', vilu-pdtman- 'flying mightily', raghu- ydman- 'going swiftly', su-vd/iman- 'driving well', dur-grbhi- 'hard to hold', rju-vdni 'striving forward', tuvi-svdni- 'roaring rm^t^f, purva-pdyya- 2xA pUrva- peya- n. 'precedence in drinking', saha-seyya- n. 'act of lying together', amutra- bhaya-'^ (VS.) n. 'state of being in the other world'.

2. The first member is, however, accented under certain conditions. a. It is generally accented if it is an adverbial word and the last member is a past participle in -ta or -««+ or a verbal noun in -ti; e. g. ddmsu-juta- 'speeding wondrously', dur-hita- 'faring ill', sdna-sruta-^ 'famed from of old'; puro-hiti- 'priestly ministration', sadhd-stuti- 'joint praise'. — b. The privative particle a- or an- when compounded with a participle ^ adjective, or substantive is nearly always accented; e. g. dn-adant-^ 'not eating', d-ditsant- 'not wishing to give', d-manyamana- 'not thinking', d-kimsana- 'not injuring', d-vidvams- 'not knowing', d-krta-^ 'not done'; d-kr-a-'^ 'inactive', d-susv-i- 'not pressing Soma', d-tandra- 'unwearied', d-kumara-'^° 'not a child'; d-citii- 'thought' lessness'. The particle is regularly accented when it negatives a compound; e. g. d-dus-krt- 'not doing ill', dn-aiva-da- 'not giving a horse', d-paicad-daghvan- 'not remaining behind'; d-punar-diyamana-^^ (AV.) 'not being given back', dn-agni-dagdha- 'not burnt with fire', dn-abhi-sasta- '^ 'blameless'.

B. I. Dependent determinatives as a rule accent the second member and that mostly on the last syllable, even if the simple word is not an oxytone.

a. When the second member is a root 'J, a verbal noun in -a, an ordinary substantive (without verbal sense), or an adjective ending in -z«'+, the final

1 This is the regular accent of the gerundive with the negative prefix, which is, however, accented in some half dozen in- stances : d-gohya-^ d-jesya-, d-dabhya-, d-nedya-^ d-yahhya- (AV.) and a ghnya- beside a-ghnyd-. Two of these compounds in the AV. retain the Svarita of the simple gerundive: an- ativyddhya- and an-adharsya-.

2 saiyd-viadvan- 'truly rejoicing' is an ex- ception.

3 sadhd-sliUya- n. 'joint praise', is an ex- ception.

4 Here the adverb is treated like a pre- position compounded with a past participle.

5 There are a good many exceptions in which the original accent of the past parti- ciple remains on the final syllable; e. g. tuvi-jdtd- 'mightily born', dus-krtd- 'ill done'^ su-jatd- (beside su-jdta-). This is the regular accentuation when the first member spuru-; e. g. puru-sluld- 'much praised'.

6 Not, however, when the second member is a gerundive, a root, or a noun with verbal meaning ending in -yu, -tnu, -snu, -in, -ir-; see examples above (A l).

7 But a-sascdnt- iDeside dsascant- 'not ceasing', a-coddnt- (v. 442) and as substan-

tives a-rundhai-i- (AV.) a name, and a-jdrant-T- (VS.) 'unaging'.

8 Exceptions are a citta-, a-dfsfa-, a-mfta-, a-yida- n. 'myriad' but (AV.) d-ynta- 'undisturb- ed', a-turta- (beside d-turta-'), a-bhinnd- (AV.) beside d-bhinna-.

9 There are also some verbal derivatives in -a which accent the second member; e. g. a-ksdr-a- 'imperishable', a-jdr-a 'un- aging', a-ddbh-a- 'not-deceiving', a-trp-d- 'dissatisfied'j a-vadhd- 'inviolable', a-vrdh-d- 'not furthering', an-avrask-d (AV.) 'not falling off'; cp. Whitney 1283 — 88.

'o There are also several ordinary nouns which are accented as second member; e. g. a-citrd- 'colourless', a-mitra- 'enemy', -a-vTra- 'unmanly'.

I' But a ni-pddyamdna- (AV.) 'not going to rest' where RV. has d-ni-padyatndna.

12 But an-d-iastd- (KV'.) 'not praised', a-pra-sastd- beside d-pra-sasta- 'not praised',

^3 There are a few exceptions when deri- vation from a. root is not clear, as in 6sa- dhi- 'plant'; otherwise -dhi from dhd- 'put' is regularly accented; c. g. isu-dhi 'quiver'.

'4 This suffix being invariably accented in the simple word (_86 B. 8).