Page:VCH Suffolk 1.djvu/486

 A HISTORY OF SUFFOLK loose in the forest, occur twice, at Barnham and at Fakenham, in Bradmere Hundred, and two asses {asini) are entered at Brandon on the land of the Abbot of Ely.*" The meadows which provided hay for the winter feed of the farm-stock were appended to the manorial holdings and valued with them. Of pasture land little is said, but the Suffolk Survey contains one famous reference to the ' pasture common to all the men of the hundred ' of Colneis, which illustrates the practice of several vills ' intercommoning,' or sharing pasture rights on the commons.*^' Pigs, and the woodland in which they fed, play a prominent part in the Suffolk Domesday. The extent of the woodland is, indeed, usually estimated by the number of pigs for which it could provide pannage, and the pigs actually kept on an estate often fell far below this number.*-' The most thickly wooded districts seem to have been in the hundreds of Blything, Bishop's, and Loes,*** where we find compara- tively few sheep and a fair proportion of pigs and goats. It might happen, however, as in Lackford Hundred, that there were a good many pigs on the manors and yet no woodland is recorded. In connexion with the forest land may be noticed also the bays or hedges, which are twice mentioned, once in relation to the manor of Blythburgh, to which was paid ' the fourth penny of the rent of the hay [heia) of Riseburc,' and once under Southwold, where St. Edmund's Abbey held five-eighths of a sea-hay or weir {beta maris).*-' Twice land is entered as ' w^aste' {guasta terra), and in one case the whole stock of a farm had perished or had been removed.*" Salt-pans {salinae) appear in the hundreds of Blything and Samford, and in the half-hundred of Lothing- land.*" Fisheries and fish-ponds [piscariae, piscinae, vivariae) are of frequent occurrence, and we hear of four fisheries in Ely connected with Richard Fitz Gilbert's estate at Lakenheath, and of a fishing-boat.*'' Rents were often paid in herrings,**' and the references to the Yarmouth fishermen, to the ' seaport ' at Frostenden, and to the encroachments of the sea on the east coast, where a carucate of land had been washed away at Dunwich,*'" remind us that we are in a maritime county. Of mills we also hear constantly, and, like the churches, they are divided up among many owners, so that we read of thirds, fourths, and sixths of mills.*^^ ' Winter mills ' {molinum hyemale) are entered at Edwardstone, at Pakenham, and at Rickinghall,*'' and mill-dams or sluices [exclusae) at Greeting and at Barking.*'^ Parks are mentioned several times,*'* and vineyards, measured by arpents, three times.*'^ Bee-keeping was carried on in most parts of the county, and a distinction is possibly made between "' Dom. Bk. 33o3, 420^, 381^ (asses). 336, 369-74- 'Redles,' woodland measured by acres ; cf. 294^, land ' inter silva et planum.' "' Dom. Bk. 282, 3711J ; VinogradofF, op. cit. 289-304. "'Ibid. 283, 2843, 289, 2953, 296, 2993, 3133, 317, 342,402,411^,4143,419^,425,444,445. •" Ibid. 372, 392, &c. Dunwich instance to show the reality and actuality of hides and carucates in many cases. "' Dom. Bk. 3363, 337, 337^ (' quedam pars'); 404^, ' Langhedana ; in tercio anno quarta pars mol,' &c. "» Ibid. 304, 3613, 365. '» Ibid. 304/5, 3823. "* Ibid. 287, Bentley, half a park ; 328, Newton ; 438^, Irworth, &c. 408
 * " Ibid. 339* ; Vinogradoff, op. cit. 288-9 '■> Maitland, op. cit. ; Index, 'Coleness' ; V.C.H. Essix, i,
 * " Dom. Bk. 287 (Bergholt), woodland for 1,000 swine and only twenty-nine on the farm ; cf. 438,
 * " Cf. also Blackbourn Hundred.
 * " Dom. Bk. 300 (Cretinghara) ; 425, ' Kingeslanda ' ; 444^, Easton.
 * " Ibid. 282, 370, 37 13, 406, 40-?, 4073.
 * '° Ibid. 283, 311^, Dunwich ; 414^, ' Froxedena.' Professor Vinogradoff (op. cit. 201) cites the
 * " Ibid. 3820, Barking ; 389*, Clare ; 438^, Ixworth.