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 A HISTORY OF SUFFOLK IX. POLYZOA I have myself paid little attention to these animals, and am obliged mainly to rely ort the specimens collected near Harwich by Mr. G. P. Hope, lent to me by Mr. William Cole and identified by Dr. Garstang. The nomenclature is that of Hinck's work on British Marine Polyzoa. Gemellaria hricata. Harwich (G.P.H.) Mcnipea ternata. Harwi:h (G.P.H.) Scrufocellaria reptans. Harwich (G.P.H.) Bkellaria ciliata. Orwell. Bugula plumosa. Harwich (G.P.H ) Notamia bursaria. Harwich (G.P.H.) Flustra foliacea. Met with in the more open water, but not common — papyracea. Harwich (G.P.H.) Membrampora lacroixii. Common in old shells, &c., in the Orwell and elsewhere. The larva {Cyphonantes) is often met with in sievings of the sea water Membranipora monostachys. Busk, iT.fossaria, Hincks. The Ore (Norman) — pUosa. Harwich (G.P.H.) Membramporella melolontha. Dredged in the Or- well (Harmer) Tubuliporaflabettaris. Harwich (G.P.H.) Akyonidium gebtinosum. So very abundant in some of the estuaries that the bottom must be covered with it in some places Ves'tcularia spinosa. Harwich (G.P.H.) Amathla lendigera. Harwich (G.P.H.) Anguinella palmate. Orwell (Harmer). Deben (Norman) Valker'ta uva. Harwich (G.P.H.) The most interesting species in the foregoing list are M. monostachys, var. fossaria and M. melolontha, which are, as far as is yet known, confined to the estuaries of the south-east of England (A.M.N.) X. ECHINODERMATA Echinus miliaris, Linn. This occurs in great numbers in the Stour off Harwich, so as to be the chief feature in the material dredged. It is also common in the Aide some miles below Orford, and was so in the Orwell in 1898 Solaster papposus, Fabr. Occurs in most of the estuaries, but is nowhere abundant Ophiura ciliaris, Linn. Dredged in Harwich Harbour, and is probably fairly common in many other places Ophiothrix frafflis, O. F. Mliller. Some years ago this was abundant in the Orwell twisted about inside and outside sponges, but was not common in later years. I have also occasionally dredged it in Harwich Har- bour Synapta inhaerens, O. F. Muller. For a number of years I was able to obtain many excellent specimens of this interesting animal from the mud near low water on the south-west side of the Orwell, a short distance below Pinmill, but it had become comparatively scarce in 1900, possibly on account of the greatly increased numbers of Cirratulus ctrratus. This local abundance of Synapta is remarkable, for I do not remember finding a single specimen in any other locality in the district of the Thames estuary Cucumaria (?). A fairly fine Holothurian was mode- rately common in the Stour off Parkeston about 1890, but I have not found one for some }-ears, though I have carefully dredged for it. Unfortunately no entire specimen was preserved, and those portions which I mounted as a lantern slide are inade- quate to prove what species it was Tiyone fusus, O. F. Muller. Found in the Orwell and Stour, but only single specimens in each estuary, and these somewhat small XI. TUNIC ATA {Simple Ascidians) Styelopsis grossularia, Van Beneden. More or less common in the lo.wer part of the estuaries and more open water, attached to stones, shells, and algae. Common in the Deben near Waldringfield Polycarpa comata. Alder. Sometimes very abundant in particular places in the Orwell near Pin- mill, and less so in the other estuaries of Suffolk. It is usually so covered with attached sand as to look like a sandy con- cretion Polycarpa pomaria, Savigny. Was and may still be very abundant in the Deben a little below Martlesham Creek in a part where scarcely any other animal was found. I obtained a number in the Orwell near Pinmill in 1 90 1, though I had net seen any before Ascidiella aspersa, O. F. Moller. In 190 1 this was most remarkably abundant in the Or- well below Pinmill, the botttom in some places being covered by small ones, and large masses being found like bunches of 94