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 POLITICAL HISTORY Oakham.'* He was succeeded before 1166 by his nephew Walkelin/' who has usually been regarded as the first of the family to hold this land. In the Pipe Roll of 11 56 the account of Rutland still shows an imper- fect detachment from the returns of other counties.'" As before, the Dane^eld assessed on Rutland is entered under Nottinghamshire and Northamptonshire as due from the king's dominium of Rutland, and in the separate account of Rutland, which is placed after that of Northamptonshire and before that of the town of Northampton, the sum of jTi i izs. is thus accounted for : — paid jr6 2J-. lod., pardoned _^3 15J. 6d., waste ^^i 13J. 8^., which perhaps gives a measure of the depreciation caused by the troubles of Stephen's reign. There is a further entry of £z 2s. as due from Rutland under the donum of Nottinghamshire, but no mention of this appears under Rutland. The account is rendered by Richard de Humez, Constable of Normandy," and he also accounts for a farm of ^Tio ; this sum, which shows a further diminu- tion since the time of Henry I, remained the regular farm of Rutland. In 1 158 the farm was duly paid by Robert son of Goebold, who also accounted for the ' assize ' of Rutland, amounting to ^26 13^. 4/, of which ^i i 13J. jd. was written off as pardoned. There also appears under the account of the Nottinghamshire donum the sum of {^1 i8j. as due from Rutland, of which no account is given under Rutland itself.'^ Perhaps the somewhat anomalous position of Rutland during the reign of Henry II comes out most clearly in the Pipe Roll of 1166. This was the year of the Assize of Clarendon, which marked an increased efficiency of criminal jurisdiction, and conse- quently there is fuller information regarding the administration of the counties than in the previous accounts. Rutland to all appearance has a separate existence, and yet its account is inserted in the midst of that of Northamptonshire.'^ In 1 167 it is described as a ' bailiwick ' {ballid)^^ which may be taken as an accurate description of its status up to the time of John. It is noticeable that the old hundred of ' Wiceslei,' which, as already men- tioned, now formed part of Rutland, had by this time been separated into the Wrangdike Hundred and East Hundred, and in 1 166 each of these hundreds suffered a murdrum fine of 40J-. It is odd, however, to find in 1168 Rutland Wapentake mentioned.'^ The old connexion with Nottinghamshire reappears in 11 69, when under the account of that county there is the entry, ' in Rutland 66j-. from ^ See p. 1 59 for his grant of Brooke to the Priory of Kenil worth. Hugh does not appear in the current pedigrees of the Ferrers, but his relationship is clearly established by a charter in the possession of the Duice o'f Devonshire at Hardwick Hall, of which a transcript has been kindly furnished by Mr. H. J. Ellis, of the British Museum. " Pipe R. 13 Hen. II (Pipe R. Soc), 124. »» Ibid. 2 Hen. II (Rec. Com.), 39-42. " Richard is apparently described as sheriff, the second item in the account beginning ' Idem Vic' ; but this isolated occurrence of the term cannot be taken as important evidence in determining the status of Rutland. Two years later Robert son of Goebold is described in a precisely similar entry simply as ' Idem Rob.' In the Roll for 1 1 76, however (Pipe R. Soc. p. 128), the ' vicecomes de Rotel.' is definitely mentioned in connexion with Walkelin de Ferrers' holding in Gloucestershire. " Pipe R. 4 Hen. II (Rec. Com.), 145, 153. ^ Ibid. 12 He». II (Pipe R. Soc), 65. This was also the year of the great inquest into the number of knights actually enfeoffed by the tenants in chief in accordance with their feudal obligations. The only return entered under Rutland is that of Walkelin de Ferrers, holding Oakham as l| fees ; this is * in a later hand,' and was probably inserted from Pipe R. 1 3 Hen. II. Under Norfolk one of the tenants of Hubert ' de Ria ' is Ralph de Beaufoe, who held two fees in ' Assele ' in Rutland ; Red Bk. of E.xch. (Rolls Ser.), 336, 401. " Pipe R. 13 Hen. II (Pipe R. Soc), 124. " This might be expected to mean the old Rutland, consisting of Alstoe and Martinsley ; but it appears in fact to mean East Hundred, as Empingham is included in it ; Pipe R. 14 Hen. II (Pipe R. Soc), 56. I 169 22