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 THE DOMESDAY SURVEY ceived from the royal manors, whether of' ancient demesne' or acquired since the Conquest ; and there were certain payments, more or less archaic, often representing money commutations of some contribution due in kind. The most striking feature, perhaps, presented by the local manors of ' ancient demesne ' (that is, those which had been held by the Crown before the Conquest) is the roundness of the sums received from them. Hardingstone, Rothwell, and Brixworth were valued at £2^ ^ Y^^^ apiece, Gretton, Tansor, and Finedon at jC^o. Fawsley, Brigstock, Faxton, Kingsthorpj and Upton at £1^- Even in the very few cases where the sums seem to be odd, the same system can be traced. Thus, for instance, the adjoining manors of Nassington (>C26 1 3J.) and Apthorpe {£1^ 7^-) constitute a joint whole paying ^(^40. From this we may infer that Barnwell {£12 6/. 6<J.) must have had some cor- relative, the payment from which would have similarly made its value even money. This valuation in round sums of the old royal manors is found in other parts of the country, and points to a primitive financial system.^ The old rents, clearly, were revised at the time of the Domes- day Survey, but with no definite results. Some were raised considerably, a few lowered, and a fair number remained unchanged. In addition to these ancient manors the forfeiture of earl Morcar had brought to the Crown Casterton (now in Rutland), together, doubtless, with King's ClifFe and Weekley, which had been held by his father iElfgar. The death of Edith, Edward's queen, had increased the demesne of the king, as her heir, by the rich manor of Finedon, and by a group of manors in the Rutland portion of the country, which were farmed, en 6/oc, in accordance with a practice common at the time, by a great tenant-in- chief (in Hampshire), Hugh de Fort.^ The rental of all queen Edith's manors had been at least doubled since king Edward's time. Northamptonshire is one of a group of counties which present in common a feature as yet imperfectly realised. This is the payment of certain sums for special purposes connected with the king. At the head of the survey of the shire we find this entry : — Northantone scire reddit firmam trium noctium xxx. libras ad pondus. Ad canes xlii. libras albas de xx. in ora. De dono reginae et de feno x. libras et v. oras. De accipitre x. libras. De summario xx. solidos. De elemosina xx. solidos. De equo venatoris xx. solidos.^ On turning to Oxfordshire, adjoining it on the south, we find a very similar entry, beginning : ' Comitatus Oxeneford reddit firmam trium noctium' (fo. i54<^). Each county has to pay twenty shillings for a sumpter horse, and ^Tio for a hawk ; and each has to make a con- tribution towards the king's hounds, though that of Oxfordshire is £2^, ' See the Commune of London and other studies, pp. 70-72 ; Feudal England, pp. 1 10— 1 15. Yorkshire tenant-in-chief. ' See Domesday text for translation and further comments. 273
 * Earl Morcar's manor of Casterton was similarly farmed by Hugh Fitz Baldric, a